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2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement12019/8/20TotalQualityManagement2TheSixSigmaRevolution第二章TheStrategyofSixSigma王德榮90423022019/8/20TotalQualityManagement3Overview•組織品質管理成功之道-Vibrant,vocal,knowledgeable,andmostimportant,involvedmanagement.•本章闡述管理階層如何確保品質改善計畫能成功。•事實上,我們不能怪罪管理階層的不參與-Humannaturetellsuswekeepdoingthethongsthatworkforus.•以TheWestinTaborCenter為案例貫穿本章。2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement4EffectivenessandEfficiency•Effectiveness效益/效果-thedegreetowhichanorganizationmeetsandpreferablyexceedsacustomer’sneedandrequirement.•Efficiency效率-referstotheresourcesconsumedinattemptingtobecomeeffective.•作者調查知-Anaverageorganizationexperiencesover50﹪isefficiencyandover70﹪iseffectiveness.2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement5TheeightessentialstepsStep1-CreationandAgreementofStrategicBusinessObjectives•策略目標的建立與共識Toobtainsupportandactiveinvolvementofmanagement,thequalityinitiativemustbelinkedtotheongoingstrategicbusinessobjectivesoftheorganization.品質管理必須與公司的策略目標結合2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement6CreationandAgreementofStrategicBusinessObjectives•BusinessObjectivesofTheWestinTaborCenter1.GOPAR-GrossOperatingProfitperAvailableRoom追求每一個客房的最佳利潤2.MaintenanceofTheirAAAFour-StarRatingAAA-AmericanAutomobileAssociation3.EmployeeSatisfaction-員工滿意是客戶能滿意的保證,這對旅館業是特別重要。•TheWestinTaborCenter在這些地方都需要改善2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement7Step2-CreationofCore,KeySub-,andEnablingProcess•功能式組織都相信它自己具效益與效率,其實不盡然。•功能式組織某一單位的的目標可能與公司整體目標相違背。•組織必須確認其達成目標的coreandsub-process。•CoreprocessesofWestinareRooms,EventsandOutlets.•Roomscoreprocess是策略目標GOPAR的關鍵。•Enablingprocess-notnecessarilybelongtoanyonecoreprocess,forexamplethepayrollprocess,employeeacquisitionprocess.2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement8Step3-IdentificationofProcessOwner•每一processowner指派到每一Core,KeySub-,andEnablingProcess.•Processowner並非單位主管莫屬•Processowner應具備下列能力-Sub-process領域知識,領導及説服才能,瞭解及鑑賞businessprocessmanagement,能體會流程成功與失敗之滋味,能尊敬其他前後流程的每一個人。2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement9IdentificationofProcessOwner•Enablingprocess有時也應如Sub-process一般管理•BusinessPerformanceManagement-將重要關鍵的Enablingprocess提昇成為Coreprocess•以Westin為例-employeedevelopment也變成Coreprocess2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement10Step4-CreationandValidationofMeasurement‘Dashboard’•33Core,KeySub-,andEnablingProcesswereidentifiedinWestin.•Executiveteam指定15processowners•在一個月內就每一process提出1-3個dashboardmeasures•經驗告訴我serviceprovider認為重要的不一定被會客戶認同•部份owner察覺以前有33%的改善對客戶員是做虛功,更有部份提不出dashboardmeasures2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement11CreationandValidationofMeasurement‘Dashboard’•不易收集measurements的陷阱-未收集正確的資料收集太多的資料•不僅要找出效益性的衡量是重要的,也要找出效率性的衡量•某一process衡量成立的要件-1.顧客願意為此流程付費用2.這個流程使產品或服務增值3.此流程的活動能一次就做好2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement12CreationandValidationofMeasurement‘Dashboard’•如何控制process的衡量個數-1.只衡量顧客認為重要的2.只衡量你能加以改善的3.雖是重要的效益衡量,但過去顧客不曽抱怨過的,也不必去衡量。•效率衡量只限(value,cycletime,orcost)•‘double-dipping’-效益與效率雙效衡量觀念,可減輕衡量個數,例如speedofdelivery。2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement13Step5-DataCollectiononAgreedDashboards•Roomservice為例-speedofdelivery,foodquality,andmenuvariety.•計量的衡量必須匹配顧客的規範接受度,如客戶叫餐不應超過30分鐘。•不能計量的衡量就使用‘Likert’Scale-1不符要求,3符合要求,5超越要求。2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement14Step6,7-CreationofProjectSelectionCriteriaandChoosingFirstProjects•公司資源無法毫無限制地運用在品質政策推動上。•公司若能制定實施的順序除有助於早期之成功外,亦能增強推動的信念。•管理團隊應制定選擇準則,建議如下:1.適合公司策略目標者2.管理團隊同意的流程包括現行進行的改善流程3.低成效的流程以凸顯第一類的’bearfruit’效果。2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement15SelectionCriteriaofWestin•StrategicBusinessObjectiveOne-GOPRA•StrategicBusinessObjectiveTwo-TheAAAFour-starRating•StrategicBusinessObjectiveThree-EmployeeSatisfaction•Currentperformance•Feasibility2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement16TheWestinTaborCenter案例•管理團隊及processowners使用“fist-to-five”method來排出流程的順序,並依此順序挑出優先執行的一些流程•processowners被要求90天後提出流程績效報告•很幸運的,優先執行的大部分流程都成功了。2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement17成功的Enablingprocess案例-employeeacquisition•原先招攬基層員工需4個星期,流程步驟要150個。•經改善後,去掉其中不具加值的100多個流程。•流程不僅更具效率且員工待得更久•在Denver市,theWestinTaborCenter的流動率是最低的。2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement18Step8-themostimportantstep•ContinualmanagementoftheprocessestoachievetheStrategicBusinessObjectiveoftheorganization.•TheWestinTaborCenter每90天就利用這種SelectionCriteria,繼續改善其他流程。•TheWestinTaborCenter從表現差勁變全連鎖企業的top-10。•Step8請見Chapter9分解2019/8/20TotalQualityManagement19KeyLearning•品質改善需管理者參與•品質努力的成果是邁向企業目標的滾輪•品質改善追求效果與效率•品質改善追求的效果應超出客戶的需求•品質改善追求的效率是time,cost,orvalue.•客戶關切的是價值鏈上的流程,並不考量公司的功能組織。•每一流程須就效果與效率來衡量•納入專案的流程須對策略目標產生最大的影響
本文标题:6 sigma培训 经典3
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