news report(英语新闻报告的特点)

THEENGLISHOFNEWSREPORTING1.GeneralfeaturesofNewspaperReporting•1.1.Whatistheaimofnewspaperreporting?•Newspaperreportingaimstoamassaudienceofdifferenteducationallevelsnewsiteminthesimple,easytounderstandlanguage.1.2.WhatisthelimitationofNewsReporting•Therearetwomajorlimitations:•1.thelimitationofthespace•2.pressurefortimeonthepartofthereader1.3.WhatistheGeneralfeaturesofNewsReporting?•1.3.1.•graphologicaldesignofheadlines’onthepeculiararrangementofevents•1.3.2.•Ontheclarity,directnessandvividnessoflanguage2.StylisticFeaturesofNewspaperReporting•2.1.GraphologicalFeatures•Headlinesalwaysvariousinsizeandshapeofbodytypes,usingaswellashighlightingandpicturestoattractoureyes.Whitespaceisalsousedindifferentplacessuchasaroundthemasthead,aboveheadlines,betweenthelinesofheads,betweenparagraphsorthephotoandcaption,etc.tocatchthereader’seyeandrivethis/herattentiononwhatismostimportantandyetmostattractiveandeasytoread.•Whilesomeheadlinesarebold,forexample:•flushleft-aheadthatallflushtotheleftmarginwithoutconsideringthemarginontheright:•OPECministers•Agreetodrop•Priceofoil•Dropform-aheadoccupyingseverallineswiththe2ndand3rdlinesindented,eachfurtherinwardsfromleftmargin:•Centennialindustries•Purchases150acres•ForSpringdaleplant•Invertedpyramidform,aheadoccupyingseverallinesinwhichthetoplineisthelongest,andtheotherlinesareshortenedinproperorder,sothatitlookssimilartoaninvertedpyramid:•ForReagonWilliamsburgwas•apoliticalsmashbutan•economicfizzle•centeredform•aheadoccupyingseverallinesthatareplacedinthemiddleofrespectivelines:•Sisley-struck•withhis•impressions•overline/”kicker”,ausuallysmallheadabovethelargermainline:•whythingsare•Oh,don’tbesopicky•Subhead,ausuallysmallerheadunderthemainhead:•CampaignOverhaulBillPassed•SenateSendsMeasuretoBush;VetoIsSeenasLikely•Jumphead,aheadthatiscontinuedonotherpages:•P1ChinesefirmtoopeninLAforinvestors•P2Newfirmtofostertradeties.2.2.GrammaticalFeatures•2.2.1.Alternatinguseoflongandshortstatement–typesentence•Duetothetypeofnewsandthekindofrhythmiceffect,thenewswriterusedifferentkindsofsentencestoconvey.•Othertypesofsentencesarepossible.Occasionalquestionsareused,especiallyinfeaturenewsitems.Commandsarefew,buttheydosometimesoccur.•2.2.2.Frequentuseofinvertedsentencestructureandexpandedsimplesentence•ThedistinctiveofthisvarietyofEnglishistheuseofinvertedsentencestructure.•Forinstance,•Thesuspectwasarrestedonthescene,policesaid.•ThesourceofauthoritycanevenoccurinPSorder,asin•Thesuspectwasarrestedonthescene,saidthepolice.•2.2.3.Useofheavilymodifiednominalgroups•Highlynoteworthyisthepresenceofmuchcomplexpre-andpost-modificationofthenominalgroupinthisvarietyofEnglish.•Forexample,•ThousandsofNationalGuardtroopsandpolicedeployedinriotgeartostopthespreadoflootinganddestruction•2.2.4.Useofsimpleverbalgroups•Wecandrawtwoconclusionfromthesampleinourtextbook.•First,theuseofthedominantsimplepastformandsomepresenttenseform.•Second,alotmoreactiveverbsthanpassive.2.3.LexicalFeatures•2.3.1.Preferenceforjournalisticwordsandsetexpressions•Withlongtimeofuse,manyshortcommonwords(midgetwords)haveacquiredaspecialflavorofjournalisticwriting,suchasaid(forhelp),back(forsupport),boost(forincrease).Themidgetwordsaremostfrequentlyusedinheadlines,forexample,aimcanmeanpurpose，design,object,intention;dealcanmeannegotiation,offer,bargain,transaction;andsoon.•Therearealsosimpleanddirectsetexpressionsatnewspaper-writers’fingertips,thecommonestisthephrasenocommon,forexample,•HisreticencehasbecomesuchapunchlinethatafrontpageheadlineintherecentAprilFools’issueofCityHall,aweeklypoliticalnewspaper,blared:“CuomoConvenesConferenceCalltoSay,‘NoComment.’”{FromNewYorkTimes(April12,2010)}•2.3.2.Wideuseofneologisms•Themostfrequentlyusedarethenonce-words,forexample,•Hissit-downinterviewsaresorarethatthe24-hourtelevisionnewsstationNY1displaysa“CuomoClock,”whichdetailsthenumberofdaysthattheattorneygeneralhasignoredinvitationstoappearforanon-camerainterview(asofMonday,itwas1,195).{FromNewYorkTimes(April12,2010)}•Buthecitednoincidentsbeyondthenow-famouscampfireconversationsthatOsamabinLadenheldinAugust2001withtwoPakistaniswhohaddeeptiestoPakistan’snuclearweaponslaboratories.{FromNewYorkTimes(April12,2010)}•Therearealsowordsfromextendedmeaning,suchasKorean’sPentagon,JapaneseWatergate;somecoinagessuchasReaganomics(Regan’seconomic),moneywise(withregardtomoney);wordsborrowedextensivelyfromsports,military,commerce,scienceandtechnology,gambling,suchassalestrips,showdown,cast-iron.•2.3.3.Extensiveuseofabbreviation•Govt(government),ad(advertisement),UN(UnitedNation),NATO(NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization)•2.3.4.Avoidanceofsuperlativesandtarnishedwordornaments•Forexample,avoideduseof“themost”;“seldom”ratherthan“never”.•2.3.5.Avoidanceofunobjectivewording•ThewriterdosenotuseI,me,my,us,oroursinanewsstoryexcerptwhenquotingsomeone2.4.SemanticFeatures•2.4.1discoursepattern•2.4.1.1persuasivestyle•2.4.2wayoftransition•2.4.2.1obviousrelatedness•2.4.2.2commonconnectives•2.4.3headliningskill•2.4.3.1grammaticalaspect•2.4.3.2rhetoricalaspect7AreKilledinaClashofAfg