Alfred_Lord_Tennyson[1]

AlfredLordTennyson（1809-1892）阿弗瑞德.丁尼生Introduction•bornAug.6,1809,Somersby,Lincolnshire,Eng.•diedOct.6,1892,Aldworth,SurreyEnglishpoetoftenregardedasthechiefrepresentativeoftheVictorianageinpoetry.Hewasraisedtothepeeragein1884.Introduction•Alfred(Lord)Tennysonisburiedin'Poets'Corner',WestminsterAbbey,London,England.BurialStoneofAlfredTennyson•TennysonStatueatLincolnCathedralDesignedbyGeorgeFrederickWatts.Earlylife•TennysonborninSomersby,Lincolnshire,arector'ssonandfourthof12children,derivedfromamiddle-classlineofTennysons,butalsohadnobleandroyalancestry.•HisfatherGeorgeClaytonTennyson,arector,theelderoftwosons•HisgrandfatherthelandownerGeorgeTennyson,infavorofhisyoungerson•HismotherElizabethFytche,daughterofarectorEducationandfirstpublication•Cambridge•AtCambridgeTennysonmetArthurHenryHallam,whobecamehisclosestfriend.•HisfirstpublicationwasacollectionofhisboyishrhymesandthoseofhiselderbrotherCharlesentitledPoemsbyTwoBrotherspublishedin1827.Thirdpublication•In1842,whilelivingmodestlyinLondon,TennysonpublishedtwovolumesofPoems,Theymetwithimmediatesuccess.Poemsfromthiscollection,suchasLocksleyHall,“Tithonus”,and“Ulysses“(尤利西斯)havemetenduringfame.ThePrincess:AMedley,asatireofwomen'seducation,whichcameoutin1847,wasalsopopularforitslyrics.W.S.Gilbertlateradaptedandparodiedthepiecetwice:inThePrincess(1870)andinPrincessIda(1884).Thirdpublication•Itwasin1850thatTennysonreachedthepinnacleofhiscareer,finallypublishinghismasterpiece,InMemoriamA.H.H.,dedicatedtoHallam.LaterthesameyearhewasappointedPoetLaureateinsuccessiontoWilliamWordsworth.Inthesameyear(13June),TennysonmarriedEmilySellwood,whomhehadknownsincechildhood,inthevillageofShiplake.Theyhadtwosons,HallamTennyson(b.11August1852)—namedafterhisfriend—andLionel(b.16March1854).Tennyson'sMarriage•“AndallatonceapleasanttruthIlearn’d,•Forwhilethetenderservicemadetheeweep,•Ilovedtheeforthetearthoucould’stnothide,•Andprestthyhand,andknewthepressreturn’d,•Andthought,'Mylifeissickof'singlesleepTennyson'sMarriage•“Twoloverspartedbynoscurriloustale-•Merewantofgold-andstillfortwentyyears•Boundbythegoldencordoftheirfirstlove”.ThePoetLaureate•AfterWilliamWordsworth'sdeathin1850,andSamuelRogers'refusal,TennysonwasappointedtothepositionofPoetLaureate,whichhehelduntilhisowndeathin1892,byfarthelongesttenureofanylaureatebeforeorsince.In1855,Tennysonproducedoneofhisbestknownworks,TheChargeoftheLightBrigade.OtheresteemedworkswritteninthepostofPoetLaureateincludeOdeontheDeathoftheDukeofWellingtonandOdeSungattheOpeningoftheInternationalExhibition.TheIllnessandDeathofAlfredLordTennyson•Tennysonlivedtoaripeoldage,however,asdidmostofhissiblings.HisoldestbrotherFredericklivedtobe90,hissisterCecilialivedtobe91,andhissisterMatildalastedthelongest,livingtobe97.Alfred,asnoted,livedtobe83,dyingtwomonthsafterhisbirthday.•Shortlyafterhis83rdbirthday,Alfredbeganexperiencingsymptomsofgoutandneuralgia.Hehadhadhealthproblemsafewyearsbefore,whichhadnearlyendedhislifethen,andalthoughheeventuallyrecoveredhewasneverthesameforthelastfewyearsofhislife.Thelastfewweeksofhislifeweredim.Tennyson’sLastWordsandMoments•Hislastwordshavebeenreportedasbeingdifferentthings:somesaythatitwas“Blessyou,myjoy”tohiswife.Othersreportitas“Hallam,Hallam,”presumablytohiseldersonHallamTennyson,althoughitcouldhavebeenacrytohisdeceasedfriendArthurHallam.Hislastseveralhoursoflifewerespentinacoma.183018311832PublishedhisfirstvolumeAppearedhissecondvolumenotwellreceivedleaveCambridgeTheMiller’sDaughter（磨坊主的女儿）TheMayQueen（五月女王）HebeganhislongseriesofidyllsofEnglishlife.1836WenttolivenearLondon,for10yearshepublishednothing1842Cameforthwith2volumes，EstablishedTennyson’scareerasawriter1847ThePrincess（公主）appearedAboutthehigheducationofwomen1850InMemoriam（悼念）1859-1885IdyllsoftheKing（国王之歌）Deathin1892HisMajorPoeticalWorksInMemoriam《悼念》1833—1850131shortpoemsthedeathofafriendArthurHenryHallamrelationsbetweenreligionandscienceIdyllsoftheKing《国王之歌》1850—188512metricaltalesKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTableHisMajorPoeticalWorksTheartofTennyson'spoetry•Tennysonusedawiderangeofsubjectmatter,rangingfrommedievallegendstoclassicalmythsandfromdomesticsituationstoobservationsofnature,assourcematerialforhispoetry.TheinfluenceofJohnKeatsandotherRomanticpoetspublishedbeforeandduringhischildhoodisevidentfromtherichnessofhisimageryanddescriptivewriting.Healsohandledrhythmmasterfully.Tennyson'suseofthemusicalqualitiesofwordstoemphasizehisrhythmsandmeaningsissensitive.CommentonTennysonBythemid-19thcenturyhehadcometooccupyapositionsimilartothatofAlexanderPopeinthe18th.Tennysonwasaconsummatepoeticartist,consolidatingandrefiningthetraditionsbequeathedtohimbyhispredecessorsintheRomanticmovement—especiallyWordsworth,Byron,andKeats.Tennysonwasalsoregardedasthepreeminentspokesmanfortheeducatedmiddle-classEnglishwomen,inmoralandreligiousoutlookandinpoliticalandsocialconsciousnessnolessthaninmattersoftasteandsentiment.Writingfeatures•1.hehasthenaturalpoweroflinkingvisualpictureswithmusicalexpressions,linkingthesetwowithfeelings•2.hehasperfectcontrolofthesoundofEnglish