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一、设计资料:(1)某地一机械加工车间,长96m,跨度27m,柱距6m,车间内设有两台40/10T中级工作制桥式吊车,轨顶标高18.5m,柱顶标高27m,地震设计烈度7度。(2)1.5×6m预应力钢筋混凝土大型屋面板,上铺100mm厚泡沫混凝土保温层,三毡四油(上铺绿豆砂)防水层,找平层2cm厚,卷材屋面,屋面坡度i=1/10,屋架简支于钢筋混凝土柱上,混凝土强度等级C20,上柱截面400×400mm。钢材选用Q235B,焊条采用E43型。(3)荷载:永久荷载:防水层0.4kN/m2找平层0.30kN/m2100厚泡沫混凝土保温层1kN/m³预应力混凝土大型屋面板1.4kN/m2屋架和支撑自重为0.417kN/m2可变荷载:基本风压:0.45kN/m2基本雪压:(不与活荷载同时考虑)0.35kN/m2积灰荷载0.55kN/m2屋面活荷载0.95kN/m2(4)桁架计算跨度:0l2730026.7m跨中及端部高度:桁架的中间高度:3.300hm在26.7m的两端高度:01.965hm在27m轴线处端部高度:01.950hm桁架跨中起拱50mm(L/500)二、结构形式与布置:采用梯形钢屋架,封闭结合。拟采用下承式屋架,由于屋面板的宽度为1.5m,故采用再分式腹杆。屋架的桁架形式及几何尺寸如图2所示。桁架支撑布置如图3所示。图2.桁架支撑布置三、荷载计算:屋面活载与雪载不会同时出现,从资料可知屋面活载大于雪荷载故取屋面活载计算。标准永久荷载:防水层0.4kN/m2找平层0.30kN/m2100厚泡沫混凝土保温层1kN/m³预应力混凝土大型屋面板1.4kN/m2屋架和支撑自重为0.417kN/m2合计3.517KN/㎡合计节点标准恒荷载G1=6X1.5X3.517=31.653KN屋架及支撑节点标准恒荷载G2=6X1.5X0.417=3.753KN屋面板节点标准恒荷载G3=6X1.5X1.4=12.6KN标准活荷载:积灰荷载0.55kN/m2屋面活荷载0.95kN/m2基本风压:0.45kN/m2风荷载:W左=1.05X(-0.60)X1X0.5=-0.315KN/㎡W右=1.05X(-0.50)X1X0.5=-0.2625KN/㎡活荷载(不含风荷载)的节点标准值Q1=6X1.5X(0.55+0.95)=13.5KN设计桁架时,应考虑以下三种荷载组合:(1)全跨永久荷载+全跨可变荷载(按永久荷载为主控制的组合)全跨节点荷载设计值:F=1.35XG1+1.4X0.7X(W右+Q1)=55.70KN(2)全跨永久荷载+右半跨可变荷载全跨节点永久荷载设计值:对结构不利时:21.1F1.353.4791.5642.27kNmmmkN21.2F1.23.4791.5637.57kNmmmkN对结构有利时:21.3F1.03.4791.5631.31kNmmmkN半跨节点可变荷载设计值:222.1F1.4(0.70.70.90.5)1.5611.84kNmkNmmmkN(按永久荷载为主的组合)22.2F1.4(0.70.90.5)1.5614.49kNmmmkN(按可变荷载为主的组合)(3)全跨永久荷载+半跨屋面板自重+全跨可变荷载全跨节点永久荷载设计值:对结构不利时:23.1F1.20.4171.564.50kNmmmkN对结构有利时:23.2F1.00.4171.563.75kNmmmkN半跨节点屋面板自重及活载设计值:224F(1.21.51.40.7)1.5625.02kNmkNmmmkN(1),(2)为使用阶段荷载情况,(3)为施工阶段荷载情况。计算详图见图3:abcdeABCDEFGHIJfg图3.桁架计算简图abcdeABCDEFGHIJfgabcdeABCDEFGHIJfg四、内力计算由电算先解得F=1的桁架各杆的内力系数(F=1作用于全跨,左半垮和右半跨)。然后求出各种荷载情况下的内力进行组合,计算结果见表一。表一:桁架杆件内力组合表杆件名称内力系数(F=1)第一种组合F①第二种组合第三种组合计算杆件内力全跨①左半垮②右半跨③i.1F①+i.2F②i.1F①+i.2F③i.3F①+4F②i.3F①+4F③+上弦ABBC,CDDEEF,FGGHHI,IJ0-11.41-18.00-18.66-21.15-21.710-8.23-12.24-12.90-12.52-13.080-3.18-5.76-5.76-8.63-8.630-617.395-973.980-1009.693-1144.427-1174.72800000-617.395-973.980-1009.693-1144.427-1174.728下弦abbccdde6.1615.2120.7220.144.5510.6712.9710.071.614.547.7510.07333.318823.0131121.1591089.775333.318823.0131121.1591089.775斜腹杆aBBbbDDcEfcffGGddgHggJ-10.508.30-6.684.730.79-3.66-2.800.681.300.722.09-7.755.81-4.312.640.79-1.03-0.16-1.003.360.724.15-2.752.49-2.372.090-2.63-2.641.68-2.060-2.06-568.155449.113-361.455255.94042.747-198.043-151.50836.79570.34338.959113.090166.9031.21.1,FF16.9041.21.1,FF103.6372.21.1,FF38.9591.21.1,FF137.4801.21.1,FF185.8471.21.1,FF53.0872.21.1,FF18.9922.22.1,FF30.4341.21.1,FF58.4952.21.1,FF-39.49642.3,FF-22.47042.3,FF89.91741.3,FF20.71442.3,FF111.67142.3,FF-79.52842.3,FF45.09441.3,FF-46.66642.3,FF2.742.3,FF-42.13641.3,FF-568.155449.113-361.455255.94042.74779.52839.496-151.50822.47053.08746.66689.9172.70038.959111.67142.136竖杆AaCbEcHdJe-0.5-1.00-1.50-1.500-0.5-1.00-1.50-1.50000000-27.055-54.11-81.165-81.1650-27.055-54.11-81.165-81.1650五、杆件设计11、、上上弦弦杆杆【【2L200x125x12(短肢相并)】(1)确定内力及已知条件:整个上弦采用等截面,按HI、IJ杆件的最大设计内力设计,即1174.7281174728NKNN,Q235钢f=215N/mm²;压杆[λ]=150;/3oyoxLL。(2)上弦杆计算长度:屋架平面内(取节间轴线长度):01506oxLLmm屋架平面外(取支撑节点间距离):315064518oyLmm(3)截面选择选用两个不等肢角钢,短肢相并(如右图所示),整体稳定系数Ф按b类;由于腹杆最大内力-568.155NKN,查教材表9.6.4,,中间节点板厚度选用12mm,支座节点板厚度选用14mm;设60,查教材附录4,可得0.807则需要的截面面积:321174.728106770.60.807215NAmmf需要的回转半径:/1506/6025.1xoxiLmm,/4518/6075.3yoyiLmm根据需要(A、xi、yi)查角钢规格表(附录8),选用┐┏200×125×12,肢背间距mma12,27582.4Amm,3.57cxim,9.61yicm,(4)截面验算(按所选角钢进行验算)0150642.1835.7xxxLi,因为11/16.670.56/0.564518/20012.65oybtlb,所以221412243.7(1)52.72004518123.7(1)1252.720063.82oyyzltbtb150][yx,仅求y查表0.787y,则:31174.72810196.8592150.7877582.4yyNMPaMPaA故所选截面合适22、、下下弦弦杆杆【【选选用用22LL118800X110X12不等肢角钢】(1)确定内力及已知条件整个下弦采用等截面,按最大设计内力杆件的内力值设计,即1121.159NKN,Q235钢2/215mmNf;(2)上弦杆计算长度:屋架平面内(取节间轴线长度):04500oxLLmm屋架平面外(取支撑节点间距离):27000/215013350oyLmm(3)截面选择所需截面面积:321121.159105214.69215NAmmf根据需要(A、xi、yi)查角钢规格表,选用2L180×112×12,采用不等肢角钢,肢背间距mma12,(26742.4Amm,31.0ximm,87.6yimm,)(4)截面验算04500145.16[]35031xxxLi,014850169.5[]35087.6yyyLi,求:31138.9010168.92156742.4NMPaMPaA故不考虑截面削弱,所选截面合适。33、、端端斜斜杆杆【【选用2L140x90x10(长肢相并)】(1)杆件轴力:-568.155568155NKNN(2)上弦杆计算长度:02301oxyLLLmm(3)截面选择yoxLL0,选用两个不等肢角钢,长肢相并,使yxii;选用2L140×90×10,肢背间距mma12,24452.2Amm,44.7ximm,37.4yimm,2/90/109bt;(4)截面验算0230151.48[]15044.7xxxLi,因为22/90.48/12.27oybtlb,所以42y224221.09(1)23011.0990(1)37.423011069.83[]150yzoyblt,yx,仅求y查表0.751y,则:3568.15510169.922150.7514452.2yyNMPaMPaA故所选截面合适。4.斜腹杆①Bb杆:整个Bb杆不改变截面,采用热轧等边角钢组合,其中设计内力N=449.113KNlox=0.8cmx239.2=191.36cmloy=239.2cm连接支撑的螺栓孔中心至节点板边缘的距离约为100mm,可不考虑螺栓孔削弱。选用:2L70x8A=21.33cm2ix=2.13cmiy=3.30cm191.3689.8[]3502.13xloxix239.272.5[]3503.30yloyiy22449113210.62152133NNmmNmmA满足要求;填板每个节间放两块(满足l范围内不少于两块)l=78.3cm80i=802.13=170.4cm。②bD杆:整个bD杆不改变截面,采用热轧等边角钢,其中设计内力N=-361.455KNlox=261x0.8=208.8cmloy=L=261cm选用:2L75x10A=28.25cm2ix=2.26cmiy=3.54cm208.892.4[]1502.26xloxix26173.7[]1503.54yloyiy由于x大于y
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