Cliffs AP英语语言与写作

CllifsAPEnglishLanguageandCompositionMentor:王茜JoyceWang(重庆史迪威外语学校)FrederickDouglass•FrederickDouglass(1818–1895)wasanAmericansocialreformer,orator,writerandstatesman.Heisoneofthe19thcenturyAmericanabolitionistmovementleaders.•FrederickDouglass,aformerslaveandeminenthumanrightsleaderintheabolitionmovement,wasthefirstblackcitizentoholdahighU.S.governmentrank.FrederickDouglassescapedslaveryin1838andusedhistalentsasawriterandoratortofightforemancipation.Douglasseditedanabolitionistnewspaper,recruitedblackregimentsduringtheCivilWar,andadvisedPresidentLincoln.In1863,FrederickDouglassenlistsasarecruitingofficerforanAfricanAmericanregimentintheCivilWar.Inthe1850s,FrederickDouglassalliedwithapassionatewhiteAbolitionistnamedJohnBrown,whobecameapowerfulsymboltoDouglassfortheviolentoverthrowoftheslavesystem.AftertestifyingfirsthandtothebrutalityofslaveryatanAmericanAnti-SlaverySocietymeetinginNantucket,FrederickDouglassbecameanovernightsuccessintheAbolitionistarenaofpublicspeaking.•Ifthereisnostruggle,thereisnoprogress.Thosewhoprofesstofavorfreedom,anddeprecateagitation,aremenwhowantcropswithoutplowinguptheground,theywantrainwithoutthunderandlightning.(FrederickDouglass,Americanabolitionist,lecturer,author,1817-1895)•没有斗争就没有进步。那些宣称自己热爱自由，却厌恶变革的人，恰如不愿耕地却渴望收获。他们想要甘霖，却拒绝雷电。(弗雷德里克·道格拉斯，美国废奴运动领袖、演说家、作家，1817-1895)sayingGeorgeEliotGeorgeEliot(1819-1880)andHerMiddlemarchI.GeorgeEliot’slifeandcareer*MaryAnnEvans,bornofabuilder’sfamily;*earlydemonstrationofsuperiorintelligence;*religiousasagirlbutturningskepticalandfreethinkingin1841–quarrelswithherfather;*anonymouspublicationofthetranslationThecharacteristicsofEliot’sliteraryworks•aparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen•leadinginthedirectionofboththenaturalisticandpsychologicalnovel•Interestintheinteriorlifeofhumanbeings,moralproblemsandstrains•ReligionTheMillontheFloss弗洛斯河上的磨坊TheMillontheFloss•Hermajorworksinclude:《教区生活场景》(ScenesofClervcalLife,1856-1858)《亚当·比德》(AdamBede,1859)《撩起的面纱》(TheLiftedVeil,1859)《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》(TheMillontheFloss,1860)《织工马南传》(SilasMarner,1861)《罗慕拉》(Romola,1862-1863)《雅各布哥哥》(BrotherJacob,1864)《费利克斯·霍尔特》(FelixHolt,theRadical,1866)《西班牙吉卜赛人》(TheSpanishGypsy,1868)《米德尔马契》(middlemarch,1872)《朱巴尔传奇诗集》(TheLegendofJubalandOtherPoems,1874)《丹尼尔·德龙达》(DanielDeronda,1876)《西奥弗拉斯特斯·萨奇的印象》(TheImpressionsofTheophrastusSuch,1879)•弗洛斯河上的磨坊》讲述的是玛吉和汤姆兄妹两人的故事。弗洛斯河旁圣奥格镇上磨坊主塔利弗因欠债而发生诉讼纠纷，败诉破产后其子女汤姆和玛吉的生活发生了重大的变化。汤姆不得不放弃受良好教育的机会，出去为一家人的生计而拼命工作，而玛吉也一改以往任性的性格，操持起家务。经过几年的努力，聪明而勤奋的汤姆终于攒够了钱还清债务并买回了磨坊，但过于激动的父亲就此去世。破产后由于迁怒于对方律师威克姆，虽然玛吉对威克姆的儿子菲利普颇有好感，但汤姆不许妹妹和他接近，并迫使她离开磨坊。独自生活的玛吉不幸又与表妹的未婚夫相爱，在两人单独划船出游时被潮水带走而在外漂流过夜，汤姆得知后一气之下将妹妹赶出了家门。正当玛吉独自悔恨时，那夜洪水泛滥，磨坊被淹，玛吉一人驾船到磨坊营救汤姆，两人在危难之中和解。凶猛的洪水最终还是将兄妹俩吞没，但这对兄妹深深的手足之情不能不让人感动。•奥斯汀巅峰•勃朗特峭壁•艾略特山脉•伍尔夫丘陵-------肖尔瓦特（美）JaneAustenJaneAusten’spointsofview1）Forallherunsparingexposureofserioussocialshortcomings,JaneAustenhasfundamentalconvictionofthehealthofthesocialsystem,ofitsabilitytoreformitself,andoftheassuranceofsocialwell-beingandthelikelihoodofareasonablepersonalhappiness.Generallyspeaking,sheholdstheidealsofthelandlordclassinpolitics,religionandmoralprinciples.2）Herworksshowanapparentpreferenceforthekindness,honesty,frankness,responsibility,goodmannersandsoundsense,whicharetypicalofthecountrygentryclass.Toher,thecountrygentlefolkaremuchmorereliableanddecentthantheurbantradingpeople.3）AlthoughJaneAustenlivedmainlyinthe19thcentury,andherworkswereallpublishedwhenBritishliteraturewasdominatedbyGothicism,SentimentalismandRomanticism,shewasreallyawriteroftheearlierrealistschool.Inageshebelongedto19thcentury,butinbothmoraloutlookandprosestyleshewasclosertothe18thcenturyprecedentsthantohercontemporaries.Herworksshowclearlyherfirmbeliefinthepredominanceofreasonoverpassion,thevalueofrationalityandsenseoverthatofsentimental,Gothicandromantictendencies.Asaseriouswriter,sheconsidersitherdutytoexpressinherworksadiscriminatedandseriouscriticismoflife,andtoexposethefolliesandillusionsofmankind.4）Heshowscontemptuousfeelingstowardsthesilly,snobbish,stupid,worldlyandvulgarthroughsubtlesatireandirony.5）Andinstyle,sheisaneoclassicismadvocator，upholdingthosetraditionalideasoforder,reason,accuracyandgracefulness.SpecialfeaturesofherworksJaneAusten’smainconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations,humanbeingswiththeirfamiliesandneighbors.Sheisparticularlypreoccupiedwiththerelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninlove.Shewriteswithinanarrowsphere.Thesubjectmatter,thecharacterrange,themoralsetting,physicalsettingandsocialsetting,andplotsareallrestrictedtotheprovincialorvillagelifeofthenineteenthcenturyEngland,allconcerningthreeorfourlandedgentryfamilieswiththetrivialincidentsoftheireverydaylife.Hernovelsaresurprisinglyrealistic,withkeenobservationandpenetratinganalysis.SheheepsthebalancebetweenfactandformasnootherEnglishnovelisthaseverdone.Austenusesdialoguestorevealthepersonalitiesofhercharacters.Theplotsofhernovelsappearnaturalandunforced.Hercharactersarevividlyportrayedandeveryonecomesalive.Herlanguage,whichis