寨卡病毒病培训课件(中英文)

ZikaVirusDisease一、定义寨卡病毒（又译兹卡病毒）：1947年病毒被发现，为RNA病毒，直径20nm，是一种通过蚊虫进行传播的虫媒病毒，宿主不明确，主要在野生灵长类动物和栖息在树上的蚊子，如非洲伊蚊中循环。1.DefinitionZikaVirus：Foundin1947,RNAvirus，Diameter20nm.Itisaarbovirusthatspreadsthroughmosquitoes.Itshostsarenotundefinedyet,wildquadrumanaandmosquitoesliveintreesaremainlysuspectedtargets，forexampleAfricanaedesmosquitoes.二、感染的临床特点：寨卡病毒病的潜伏期尚不清楚，可能为数天。感染者中，只有约20%会表现轻微症状，典型的症状包括低热、斑丘疹、关节疼痛、结膜炎，其他症状包括肌痛、头痛、眼眶痛及无力。症状通常较温和，症状持续数天到1周后缓解，症状严重需要住院者少见，病死率极低。2、ClinicalFeatureofInfectionZika’sincubationperiodisn’tundefinedyet，maybeseveraldays.20%infectedpersonshavemildsymptoms,suchasmildfever,skinrashes,jointpain,conjuctivitis，and,sometimes,somehavemusclepain,headache,eyesocketpainandgetweak.Allsymptomsaboveareusuallymildandkeepfordaystooneweek.It’srarecasetokeepinhospitalforcuring.Casefatalityrateisverylow.1月28日，世卫组织：寨卡病毒在美洲“爆炸式”传播美洲预计该病毒可能在美洲感染300万至400万人。哥伦比亚感染寨卡病毒案例已超过3万例，是目前寨卡病毒疫情最严重的国家之一，政府称有5000名孕妇被病毒感染据公告称：截止2月26日，寨卡病毒已蔓延全球40个国家和地区。三、目前世界形势3、EpidemicsSituationworldwide28thJanuary，WHODeclared：AmericaHappenedZika’sExplosiveTransmission.Americaestimatedthatprobably3to4millionpeoplewillbeinfectedbyZika.Therehasbeenmorethan30thousandcasesinColumbia,whichisoneofthemostseriouscountriesthatsufferfromZikavirus.Columbiadeclaredthatabout5thousandpregnantwomenwereinfected.Zikahasspreadin40countriesandregionsuntil26thFeb.Locally-acquiredcasesorvirusisolation发现病例或进行病毒隔离Serosurveydataonly只血清学调查数据巴西卫生部长称，自10月以来已经在4180例疑似病例中确诊了270例小头畸形(microcephaly)——与寨卡病毒相关的神经疾病。2014年全年巴西仅报告约150病例。Brazil’shealthministrysaidithadconfirmed270casesofmicrocephaly—theneurologicalconditionlinkedtoZika—outof4,180suspectedcasessinceOctober.Onlyabout150caseswerereportedinBrazilinthewholeof2014.2月1日，世界卫生组织(WHO)宣布寨卡病毒为全球紧急公共卫生事件。这意味着，世卫组织将寨卡病毒与埃博拉(Ebola)置于同一类别，并且启动了一系列可以用来应对该威胁的筹资机制和政策措施。February1st,ZikahasbeendeclaredaglobalemergencybytheWorldHealthOrganization,whichalmostmeansthattheWHOhasputZikainthesamecategoryasEbolaandunlockedarangeoffundingmechanismsandpolicymeasuresthatcanbedrawnontotacklethethreat.四、国内流行形势2月9日，我国确诊首例输入性寨卡病毒感染病例。为广东省东莞市某公司工作人员，发病前有委内瑞拉旅行史。2月14日，患者痊愈出院。截至2月28日，我国一共确诊了8例感染者，其中江西省1例，广东省3例，浙江省4例,均为输入性病例。4、EpidemicsSituationinChina9thFeb，inChina,thefirstpatientofZikavirusdiseasewasfound.ThepatientwasinfectedbyZikawhentravelledinVenezuelaandcamebackChina.14thFeb,thepatientwascuredandlefthospital.8caseswereconfirmeduntil28thFeb,oneinJiangxiprovince,3onesinGuangdongprovinceand4onesinZhejiangprovince.Allofthemwereimportedfromabroad.五、流行病学特点传染源患者、隐性感染者和寨卡病毒感染的非人灵长类动物是可能的传染源.传播途径1、最主要的途径：伊蚊叮咬2、母婴传播，包括宫内感染和分娩时感染。3、血源传播和性传播。人群易感性普遍易感，曾感染过寨卡病毒的人可能对再次感染具有免疫力。5.EpidemiologicalFeatureSourceofInfectionPatient,latentinfestorsandnonhumanquadrumanainfectedbyZikavirusRouteofTransmission1、Primaryroute：bitedbyaedesmosquito2、Mother-to-fetus3、BloodandsexSusceptibilityofPopulationItissusceptivetoallpeople.PeoplemaybegetstheimmunityafterbeinginfectedbyZikaatfirsttime.目前并无特效药。寨卡病毒病通常相对温和，感染者只需多喝水，注意休息，不需要做出特别处理。症状明显时以对症治疗为主。高热不退患者可服用解热镇痛药。在登革热被排除之前尽量避免给予阿司匹林等非甾体类抗炎药物治疗。发病第一周内，实施有效的防蚊隔离措施，以避免通过虫媒传染给他人。对感染寨卡病毒的孕妇，建议每3-4周监测胎儿生长发育情况。六、治疗6、TherapySofar,thereisnospecificmedicineforZika.Zikavirusdiseaseismild.Ingeneral,itisn’tnecessarytodospecialtreatmentsexceptforserioussymptoms.Youonlyneedtodrinkmorewaterandgetenoughrest.Youcantakeanalgesic-antipyreticpillswhenhighfeverishardtocooldown.You’dbetternottotakeNSALDSlikeAspirinifDengueFeverisn’teliminatedyet.Atthefirstweekthatsymptomsappear,takingeffectivemeasurestoprotectyourselffrommosquitoes.Becausemosquitoesbitingpatientswilltransmitvirustootherpeople.ForpregnantwomeninfectedbyZika,itissuggestedtotrackthesituationofgrowthanddevelopmentofbabyevery3or4weeks.无、低、中、高风险地区7、预防Prevention风险预测地图RiskForecastMap我国伊蚊分布广泛，具备暴发条件.AedesmosquitoexistswidespreadlyinChina.ItisagreatrisktocauseexplosiveepidemicofZikavirusdisease.风险程度RiskLevel高High低Low寨卡病毒的抵抗力不详，但其属于黄病毒属，黄病毒属的病毒一般不耐酸、不耐热。60℃30分钟可灭活，70%乙醇、1%次氯酸钠、脂溶剂、过氧乙酸等消毒剂及紫外线照射均可灭活。ThereisnodetailedfilesaboutresistanceofZikavirus,Itbelongstothegenusflavivirus,whichisnotacid-resistingandheat-resisting.Thegenusflaviviruswillbekilledin60℃for30minutes,anditalsocanbedeactivatedbydisinfectoras70%Alcohol,1%SodiumHypochlorite,fatsolvent,peraceticacidandsoon.Ultravioletradiationalsohasagoodeffectonkillingthegenusflavivirus.八、具体预防措施：使用驱虫剂；穿戴尽可能覆盖身体各部位的衣服，而且最好是浅色衣服；采用纱网、门窗紧闭等物理屏障；睡觉使用蚊帐；将水桶、花盆或者汽车轮胎等可能蓄水的容器实施排空、保持清洁或者加以覆盖，从而去除可使蚊虫滋生的环境。8、DetailedMeasuresofPrevention：UsingvermifugePutonclothesthatcanprotectalloveryourbody,lightcolourclothesarebetterResistmosquitoesbythewayasgauzenet,closingscreendoorsandwindowstightlyandsoonKeepmosquitonetclosedwellwhensleepingCleanhydropsinplaceswheremosquitoesreproduce,suchasbucket,flowerpot,sewerandsoon.巴西：全国灭蚊行动Brazil：Anti-mosquitoCampaignVermifugeCreamKillMosquitoesbySpecialFog