名词专项复习课件(中考英语)

名词一、考查重点1.可数名词与不可数名词2.名词的作用3.名词的所有格4.名词词义辨析名词{专有名词（如：Tom，China，theUnitedStates,January,Monday)可数{普通名词{物质名词(如water,ice,wood)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察)不可数{名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。普通名词可数名词个体名词：chair，book集体名词：people，family不可数名词物质名词：rain，ice，sunshine抽象名词：love，knowledge考点一名词的数名词单数的表达一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook*anEnglishbook*anhourflowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes可数名词的复数形式1.规则变化(1)一般在词尾加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books*cap–caps*tree–trees(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches*bus–buses*brush–brushes注：stomach/k/–stomachs(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*baby–babies*factory–factories*party–parties请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*day-holidaysmonkey–monkeys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves特殊:roof---roofsbelief---beliefsproof---proofsHandkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves找规律tomatoespotatoesNegroes黑人和英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。heroes(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero等除外*piano–pianos*zoo–zoos*radio-radios*bamboo–bambooswoman--womenman--men2.不规则变化(1)变-a为-e(2)变元音字母oo为eepoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen(3)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheepsheep特殊：children请区别：German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrouserssocksglasses这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词.1.常见的不可数名词waterricefishmeatworkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine2不可数名词的数（1)alotof/lotsof,some,much,alittle,plentyof,abitof,alargeamountof+不可数名词(2)数词+容器+of+不可数名词aglassofwater—twoglassesofwater单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any，plentyof等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变*abagofapples*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶（2）一碗饭（3）两公斤肉（4）五瓶橘汁（5）一双鞋（6）许多瓶牛奶4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA主谓一致1.当people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.isare2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.is专有名词：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CCTVWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSNBAIQEQPERMBVIP名词的作用用法例句作主语Englishisuseful.作定语(一般用单数形式）papertigers纸老虎girlstudents女生作及物动词或介词的宾语ShelearnsChinesehardeveryday.作表语Tomismybestfriend.作宾语补足语Theyconsidertheboymonitor.作同位语Theteacherlookedafterusstudentswell.作称呼语Ladiesandgentlemen,mayIhaveyourattentionplease?名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可Teachers’officeTheGreens’house3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom5.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;珍妮和海伦的房间JennyandHelen’sroom6.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间Jenny’sandHelen’srooms7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加–’s构成所有格2小时路程北京最好的公园今日的报纸twohours’walk=two-hourwalkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaperatmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup8.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词twomonths’vacationamile’sdistance1广东的省会2教室的门3我父亲的一个朋友4他的两个兄弟5爱迪生的一些发明6他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)7他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather’stwobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother名词的所有格Practice1.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC重难点突破3.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’sD4.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalkA★名词的用法1.修饰另一名词时,一般