1经贸合同第一章

InternationalEconomicandTradeContractsIntroductiontoThisCourseWhatisacontract?•Acontractisanagreemententeredintovoluntarilybytwopartiesormorewiththeintentionofcreatingalegalobligation,whichmayhaveelementsinwriting,thoughcontractscanbemadeorally.维基百科•ContractsreferredtointhisLawareagreementsbetweenequalnaturalpersons,legalpersonsandotherorganizationsforthepurposeofestablishing,alteringandterminatingmutualcivilrightsandobligations.《中华人民共和国合同法》•1.CommercialContract:Itisanagreementthatinvolvescommercialtransaction.•2.OtherContract:Itisanagreementthatinvolvesotherbehaviors.E.g.themarriagecertificate、theadoptionagreement、internationalconvention.ObjectiveYouareableto:•UnderstandtheinternationaleconomicandtradecontractwritteninEnglish•Translatethecommercialcontracts•Writetradecontracts•EnhanceyourEnglishskills.Contents•Basics•Salescontract•Purchasecontract•Soleagencycontract•Contractforassembling•Agreementoncompensationtrade•Afinanceleaseagreement•Servicecontract•Contractforconstructionof…•JointventureContract•Licensingcontractteachingmethod•FormatofEnglishcontract•Contentsofdifferentcontracts•Expressions:tradeandeconomicterms•TranslationandwritingLearningMethod•Reviewtheprocessoftrade•Understandbasiceconomicandtradeterms•Learnthetransalationskills•PracticetranslationandwritingEvaluation•Attendance,Assignments,Classperformance•FinalassignmentorfinalexamPart1BasicsofInternationalEconomicandTradecontractsWriting•Unit1Businessnegotiationandestablishmentofacontract•Unit2Formatofacontract•unit3LanguageCharacteristicsofEnglishcontract•Unit4translationanddraftofanEnglishcontract•Unit5ProvisionsinrelationtocontractlawThecontractisbasedonanagreement,whichistheresultofbusinessnegotiations.Therearetwotypesofbusinessnegotiations:1.OralNegotiation:•Facetofacetalk•tradefairs:GuangdongSpringandAutumnTradeFairs•internationaltrunkcalls(长途电话)Unit1BusinessNegotiationandestablishmentofacontractmemorandumAfteroralnegotiations,itisbesttomakememorandumimmediately,andthememoshouldbeconfirmedbybothparties.Makingmemoisaneffectivewaytopreventtheemptytalkandtherepetitivenegotiations.E.g.“Weunderstandthenegotiationsachievementasfollows”.2.Writtennegotiations(1)enquiry：withoutengagementaskinformationofproducts,price,quantity,etc(2)quotationorofferAquotationshouldincludeallthenecessaryinformationrequiredbytheenquiry.Afirmofferisapromisetosellgoodsatastatedprice.Itshouldincludedescriptionofthegoods:thequantity,quality,specifications,packing;timeofshipment,termsofpayment.实盘实盘是指发盘人(发价人)对接受人所提出的是一项内容完整、明确、肯定的交易条件，一旦送达受盘人(即接受人或称受发价人)之后，则对发盘人产生拘束力，发盘人在实盘规定的有效期内不得将其撤销或加以变更。表明发盘人有肯定订立合同的意图。如果受盘人在有效期内无条件地接受，就可以达成交易，成为对买卖双方都有约束力的合同。实盘必须同时具备三个条件才能成立：内容必须是完整和明确的,其内容包括货物品名、品质规格、包装、数量、价格等；内容必须是肯定的，无保留条件的；实盘必须规定有效期限。(3)counter-offerAcounter-offermaybemadeinrelationtotheprice,termsofpayment,timeofshipmentorothertermsandconditions.(4)acceptanceNomatterwhetherbusinessnegotiationisconductedinoralwayorwrittenway,thetransactionisconsideredconcludedonceanofferoracounter-offerisaccepted.3.ConfirmandsignacontractDiscussion•Whatistherelationshipbetweenbusinessnegotiationandcontractwriting?•Whyisbusinesscontractimportant?Meaningofaawrittencontract1．合同成立的证据。2．履行合同的依据。3．有时是合同生效的条件。一般来说，接受生效，合同就成立，但在通过信件、电报、电传达成协议的特定环境下，一方当事人要求签订确认书，则签订确认书方为合同成立。此外，如果所签合同必须是经一方或双方政府审核批准的合同，那么这一合同的生效就必须是具有一定格式的书面合同。Unit2FormatofinternationaleconomicandtradeContract•CategoriesofContract•FormatofacontractCategoriesofaContract1.Bytitles(1)合同、协议(Contract;Agreement）协议和合同的区别：•内容、条款:合同较为具体、详尽，着眼于微观，而协议则较为原则、粗疏，致力于宏观。•涉及范围:合同的标的往往比较单一集中，也很明确；而协议的标的往往比较广泛；一项大型项目的协议往往包括或分解成若干个具体的合同。•书写格式:合同格式化；而协议的格式相对灵活一些，没有什么固定的格式。狭义的协议和合同并无分别，只是用语上和习惯上的称呼不同。（2）意向书（LetterofIntent）准合同文件•“LetterofIntent”,•“MemorandumofUnderstanding”(简称MOU,翻译为谅解备忘录)•“MinutesofTalks”(会谈纪要)（3）契约（Covenant,Indenture,Deed,Compact，Protocol）英文合同的约定俗成的名称•Covenant,主要指不动产转让的合同或证明文件•Indenture通常也是指不动产转让的契约文件•Deed一般指地契、房契•Compact多用于国家间的协定、协议。•Protocol,通常翻译为草约或者议定书，往往也是双方会谈结果的文字依据。（4）其他书函英文合同有时候非常简短，形式上就像信函一样，用简单明确的字眼作为合同的名称，相对于Agreement或Contract类的合同，书函类的合同一般具有补充或附属的性质，而且经常出现在Agreement或Contract类合同的附件中。•“Letter”（函）•“Waiver”（弃权书）•“Guaranty”（保证书）•PowerofAttorney（委托书）•2.Bylevelofimportance:–writtenform：contract、agreement、confirmation、order–Oralform•3.Bycontent:salescontract;purchasecontract;technologytransfercontractetc.Formatofacontract•Title•Preamble(head)•Body•Witnessclause(end)•Schedules,Exhibits,AppendicesorAnnexesComponentsofFormalWrittenContracts•Title(合同名称）•Preamble（前文）1)Dateofsigning（订约日期）2）Signingparties（订约当事人）3）Placeofsigning（订约地点）4）RecitalsorWHEREASclause（订约缘由)•Body（正文）1)Definitionclause（定义条款）2）Specificconditions（具体条款）3）Generalconditions（一般条款）a.Duration（合同有效期限）b.Termination（合同的终止）c.Forcemajeure（不可抗力）d.Assignment（合同的让与）e.Arbitration（仲裁）f.Governinglaw（适用的法律）g.Jurisdiction（诉讼管辖）h.Notice（通知手续）i.“EntireAgreement”clause（完整条款）j.Amendment（合同的修改）k.Others（其他）•WitnessClause（立证结尾条款）1)Concludingsentence（结尾语）2)Signature（订约人签名）3)Seal（盖印）1.Contractseal•出于保护合同书的目的，应在合同书上加封面。封面上用简洁的语言记录：合同标题、合同当事人和合同签订日期。Generallythefollowingitemswillberecordedontheseal:•Thet