中考英语专题复习：信息归纳

信息归纳指导信息归纳要求在阅读文章后完成思维导图，要求学生更好地把握和理解语篇结构和主要内容。新增设“英译汉”的题目，旨在考查学生在具体语境中理解和灵活运用所学语言知识的能力。要求准确地翻译句子，不仅要理解句子的结构，还要结合上下句准确地理解其在特定语境下的含义，引导学生在阅读中不能只停留在表面，而是要对阅读文本进行深度理解。例题【2018•江苏连云港•改编】请阅读下面短文，在短文后表格中的空白处填上适当的単词(注意:每空1个单词。Whenwearetalkingtosomeone,wetendtochangesomeoneelse’smindtoourwayofthinking.Andwemayoftenfinditdifficulttodothat,soherearefivetipsonhowtochangesomeone’smind.Thefirstoneisnevertoturntheconversationintoanargument.Itshouldbeaconversationwhereyoushowyouropinionsandthefactsthatyou’vecollected.Byshowingthemthefacts,wewanttotellotherpeoplethatweareright.Butemotionally,theymaynottotallyagreewithwhatyousay.Sowhenyouaretryingtochangesomeone’smind,trytokeepitasaconversationandnotanargument.Thesecondtipisnevertosaythatyouarewrong.Ifsomeonemakesastatementthatyouthinkiswrong,it’sbettertopointitoutbysaying,“IthoughtotherwisebutImightbewrong,let’slookatthefacts.”Thekeyistosaythatyoumightbewrong,notthatyouarewrong.Thisopensuptheotherpersontolookatthedataagainandshowsthemthatyou’renotbullheaded(顽固的)andthatyou’renotgoingtochangeyouropinion.You’reshowingthemthatyouareopentonewideasandthisissuperimportantinchangingsomeoneelse’smindtoyourwayofthinking.Tipnumberthreeistogettheotherpersonsayingyesasfastaspossible.Youmaybeginyourconversationonhobbiesthatyouguyshave,somethingthatthey’recrazyabout,somethingthatgetsthemsayingyes.Becausethemorethatyougetthemtosayyesnow,themorelikelytheyaretosayyesinthefuture.Aconversationlikethiswillgetthemtostarttolikeyouandmaybeevenmoreopenuptoideasthatyouhave.Itbuildsuptrustbetweenthetwoofyou.Thelasttipistolettheotherpersonfeelliketheideawastheirs.It’swisertomakesuggestionsandletsomeoneelsecometotheconclusion,thentheyhaveasenseofpridethatit’stheiridea.Givingsomeonethedataandlettingthemcometotheconclusionletthemfeellikeitistheirideaandtheyareproudofit.IntroductionThoughitisnot(1)easytochangesomeoneelse’smind,herearetipsyoucanfollow.Five(2)tipsofchangingsomeoneelse’smind●Keepitasaconversationandnotanargument,ortheymaynottotallybein(3)agreementwithyou.●Pleasetranslate“Thekeyistosaythatyoumightbewrong,notthatyouarewrong.”intoChinese（4）__关键是。。。●Trytogetthemsayingyesasfastaspossible,sotheyaremorelikelytosayyesinthefuture.●Createafriendlyrelationshipandbuildtrustsothatwhenyouexpressyouropinions,theyarewillingtolisten.●Letsomeoneelsecometotheconclusionandtheywillbe(5)proudofitbecausetheyfeellikeitistheiridea.Title:Howtochangesomeoneelse’smind本篇为说明文，要求学生对文章句子加以理解，并根据上下文和句子的理解对所填词进行转化并考察其词汇的一词多义用法。【解析】1.根据原文第一段中的“Andwemayoftenfinditdifficulttodothat,soherearefivetipsonhowtochangesomeone’smind.”可知答案。2.根据原文第一段中的“Andwemayoftenfinditdifficulttodothat,soherearefivetipsonhowtochangesomeone’smind.”可知答案。3.根据原文第二段中的“Butemotionally,theymaynottotallyagreewithwhatyousay.”可知答案。4.考查一词多义的理解。5.根据原文第五段中的“Givingsomeonethedataandlettingthemcometotheconclusionletthemfeellikeitistheirideaandtheyareproudofit.”可知答案。【2018•广东•改编】MostofusthinkthetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBell．However，hewasn'tthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea．Infact，anItaliannamedAntonioMeucciwasofficiallyrecognised（认定）astheinventorafewyearsago.WhoisMeucciandwhywasn'theknownforhisinventionatthetime？AntonioMeucciwasborninItalyin1808．Hestudiedengineeringanddrawing．Duringhisstudies，Meuccistartedtoexperimentwithelectricity．Hediscoveredthatsoundcouldtravelthroughmetalcables．Whentwoplaceswereconnectedwithwire，peopleinthoseplacescouldheareachothertalk．In1850，MeucciandhiswifeEstermovedtoNewYork．Meucciwasworriedabouthiswife，becauseshehadbecomeveryill．Heneededtokeepintouchwithheratalltimes．Tosolvethisproblem，heconnectedmetalcablesbetweenhishomeandhisworkshop．Thisway，theycouldtalktoeachotherconveniently．Meucciinvitedagroupofpeopletoseehisnewinvention．Theylistenedinamazementasthevoiceofasingerwasheardthroughthewires．Unfortunately，onlyafewpeopleattendedthistalk．Evenworse，Meuccineverappliedforapatent（专利）onhisinvention.Meanwhile，AlexanderGrahamBellwasworkingonthesameideaandin1876thepatentforthetelephonewasgiventohim．In2002，morethanacenturyafterMeucci'sdeath，hisworkwasfinallyrecognisedbythegovernment．Hewillnowbeknownallovertheworldasthetelephone'sinventor．Pleasetranslate“MostofusthinkthetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBell.”intoChinese.1.我们大多数认为AlexanderGrahamBell发明了电话Infact,anItalian2.named_AntonioMeucciwasofficiallyrecognised（认定）astheinventorafewyearsago.IntroductionMeucci-theInventoroftheTelephoneExperiencesIn1850，Meucciwasworriedabouthiswifebecauseofhiswife’s3.illness.Itis4.convenientforMeucciandhiswifetotalktoeachotherbyconnectedmetalcablesbetweenhishomeandhisworkshop．AfterMeucci5.diedmorethanacenturyin2002,hisworkwasfinallyrecognisedbythegovernment．本篇为记叙文，要求学生对所提人物进行思维构图，有一个整体的了解，并对词汇进行词性转化。【解析】1.主要考查对被动语态的理解。2.根据原文第一段中的“Infact，anItaliannamedAntonioMeucciwasofficiallyrecognised（认定）astheinventorafewyearsago．”可知答案。3.根据原文第三段中的“Meucciwasworriedabouthiswife，becauseshehadbecomeveryill．”可知答案。4.根据原文第五段中的“Thisway，theycouldtalktoeachotherconveniently．”可知答案。5.根据原文第五段中的“In2002，morethanacenturyafterMeucci'sdeath，hisworkwasfinallyrecognisedbythegovernment．”可知答案。真题演练