反垄断法律术语

1AAbuseofmonopolypower滥用垄断支配力Abusetheory滥用理论Abusiveconduct滥用行为Acquiredfirm被收购的企业,被收购方Acquiringfirm收购企业,收购方Acquisitionofasset资产的收购Actofstatedoctrine国家行为理论Actualdamage实际损失Additionalsuit附加诉讼Administrativeadjudication行政裁决Administrativeprocess行政诉讼程序Adversecompetitiveeffect反竞争影响,反竞争效果Affirmativeduty积极的义务Aftermarket下游市场Aggravatingcircumstance从重处罚情节Aggressivepricing超高定价Agreementtodividemarket分割市场的协议Agreementwithmixedcompetitiveconsequence带有混合竞争后果的协议Allocatemarketgeographically从地域方面分割市场Allocativeefficiency资源配置效率Amicusbrief为协助法庭而对案情所提出的意见书，法庭之友意见概要Ancillaryrestraint/partialrestraint附属的/部分的限制Annualsale年销售额Anti-competitiveeffect反竞争效果Anticompetitivestockacquisition反竞争性的股份收购Anticompetitive限制竞争的，反竞争的Anti-merger合并控制Antitrust反垄断，反托拉斯AntitrustEnforcementGuidelinesforInternationalOperations国际经营的反垄断执法指南Antitrustfelony反垄断重罪Antitrustimmunity反垄断法的除外Antitrustlitigation反垄断诉讼Antitrustproceduresandpenaltiesactof1974反垄断程序和处罚法Antitrustscrutiny反垄断审查Assigncustomer划分客户AssistantAttorneyGeneral美国联邦司法部长助理Assuredsourceofsupply稳定的供货渠道Attempttomonopolize企图独占Attemptedmonopolization企图独占Attenuatingcircumstance从轻处罚情节2AttorneyGeneral司法部部长Automaticadjustmentmechanism自动调节机制Averagerevenue平均收益Averagetotalcost平均总成本Averagevariablecost平均可变成本BBackwardintegration上游合并（与供应商的合并）Badfaith恶意Barassociation律师协会Barriertoentry进入壁垒，进入障碍Beleagueredsmallbusiness处于困境中的小企业Below-costpricing低于成本的定价Benchmarking制定基准点Bid出价Bid-rigging串通投标Bilateralcooperationagreement双边合作协议Blanketlicensearrangement一揽子许可协议Blanketlicense一揽子许可Blockpatent封锁专利Bonafide善意Bottleneckdoctrine瓶颈理论Bright-linetest可明确适用的标准Burdenofproof举证负担Bureauofcompetition竞争局Businessbehavior交易行为Businesspattern经营方式Businessreputation商业信誉Buyer-levercompetition买方竞争CCartelparticipant/cartelist卡特尔参加者Cartelprice卡特尔价格Cartel卡特尔Case-by-caseevaluation个案分析，个案评估Casualconnection因果关系Causeofaction诉因Celler-KefauverAct塞勒-克福弗反合并法3Chainoperation连锁经营Chainstore连锁店Characterizationprocess认定程序Charteroffreedom自由宪章Chicagoschool芝加哥学派ChiefJustice首席法官Circumstantialevidence环境证据Classaction集团诉讼Classicconspiracy典型的共谋行为Coercion强制Collaboration协作/联合Collateraloffense附带性的违法Collateralrestraint附带限制Collateral从属于Collectiveaction集体行为，多方行为Collectiveconduct集体行为Collectivepower联合力量Collusion共谋Collusion共谋行为CommercialClause宪法中的商业条款Committedentry不自由的市场进入，市场进入有较高的门槛Competingbid竞争性的出价Competitionpolicy竞争政策Competitivevariable竞争性变量Competitiveness竞争力Compromise和解Compulsorylicensing强制许可Concentrationintherelevantmarket相关市场的集中度Concentration集中Concertedeffortsbycompetitors竞争者之间的协同行为Concertedhorizontalrefusaltodeal横向联合抵制交易Concertedrefusaltodeal联合抵制交易Conglomeratemerger混合合并Consciousparallelism有意识的协调Consciouslyparallelpricingconduct有意识的协调价格行为Consentorder同意令Consignmentagreement寄售协议Consignmentarrangement寄售协议(安排）Consolidation联合Conspiracytomonopolize通过共谋行为实现独占Conspiracy共谋Conspiratorialconduct共谋行为4Consumerwelfare消费者福利Continuummodel一体分析方法Contractor承包商Contributoryinfringement共同侵权Controlnaturalmonopoly管制自然垄断Convictedantitrustdefendant被判决违反反垄断法的被告Copyrightinfringementsuit版权侵权诉讼Corporateentity法人实体CorporateLeniencyPolicy对公司的宽大处理政策Corporatemerger公司合并Corroboratingevidence佐证，确证的证据（也是一种附加的证据，这种证据使得提供的证据更为有利）Costconsumer使消费者受到损失Costjustification成本抗辩，成本辩护Costsaving成本节约Cost-basedschool以成本为基础的学派Coverage专利的有效范围Criminalindictment刑事控告Criminalinvestigation刑事调查Criminalprosecution刑事追诉/起诉/公诉Criminalsanction刑事制裁Cross-elasticityofdemand需求交叉弹性Cross-examination交叉盘问Cross-licensingagreement相互许可协议Cross-licensing相互许可DDamageclaim损害赔偿之诉Damagesettlement损害赔偿和解Dealer-imposedpricerestraint销售商强加的价格限制Declaratoryjudgment宣告（式）判决，确认判决（法院只宣告确认当事人某项权利）Deconcentration分散Defense辩护Degreeofindustryconcentration产业集中度Delineatingtherelevantmarket界定相关市场Deliveredprice交付价格Demandcurve/schedule需求曲线Demandelasticity需求弹性Demandsubstitution需求替代Denyingaccess拒绝进入5Depression-era经济大萧条时期Deregulationofindustry对产业的放松管制Dichotomymodel二分法Dictum法官判决的附带意见Directinfringer直接的侵权行为人Directvictim直接受害人Directnessoftheinjury损害的直接性Discretion自由裁量权Discriminatoryallowance歧视性的折让Dismiss驳回（案件）Distributionchannel销售渠道Distributioncost销售成本Distributionpattern销售方式Diversifiedproducer多样化产品的制造商Divestituredecree拆散的判决Divestitureorcompulsorylicensingofintellectualproperty剥夺或者强制许可知识产权Doctrineofcomity礼让原则Dominantfirm占市场支配地位的企业Dominantposition市场支配地位Downstreammarket下游市场Drawingofthemarketboundary界定市场范围Dueprocess正当程序Duplicativerecovery双重补偿/追偿Durationofwaitingperiod等待期间Duration持续期间Economyofscale规模经济Effectivecompetition有效竞争Efficiencydefense效率抗辩Dlasticityofsupply供给弹性EEnduser最终消费者End-use终端使用Enforcementagency执行机构Enforcementguideline执行指南Entrenchdominance加强市场支配地位Entrybarrier市场进入障碍/壁垒Entrycondition进入市场的条件Entryfee入会费，进入费Entryofthemarket市场进入6Equitabledecree衡平法上的判决Equitablerelief衡平法上的救济Equitableservitudeonchattel衡平法上的在动产上设定的地役权Essentialfacility关键设施Bottleneckdoctrine瓶颈理论Evadepricecontrol规避价格管制Evidentiaryburden举证责任Exante事先Expost事后Excesscapacity过剩的生产能力Exchangeassurance交换承诺Excluderival排除竞争者Exclusionaryact排他行为，排斥竞争行为Exclusionaryconduct排他行为Exclusionarypurpose排斥竞争的目的Exclusionary排他性的，排斥竞争性的Exclusiveauthority专有权Exclusivedealingagreement独家经销协议Exclusivedealingcontract独家经销合同Exclusivedealing排他性交易，独家交易Exclusiveright独占权Exclusi