我国造纸污泥处理现状及趋势

为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)我国造纸废固物处理现状及趋势------唐志超浙江华章科技有限公司造纸行业是资源、能源消耗强度高、污染染物产生量大、环境影响严重的加工制造行业。造纸过程会产生大量的固体废弃物，随着产业规模的逐渐扩大，这些固废物所带来的环境影响也日益突出，随之而来的各种生态问题和社会问题也逐渐突显出来。在造纸过程中产生的大量的造纸废渣和污泥，由于含水量高(60％以上)，呈淤泥状态，成份复杂，处理利用难度大，目前大部份仍然只采取简单的堆放和填埋。随着政府环保监管的日益加强、公民环保意识的不断提高、企业家社会责任感的日渐形成，各种绿色循环技术的探索和应用十分活跃，但总体而言，造纸固体废物的绿色循环经济链尚未形成，各种资源化利用技术多处于起步阶段。1．制浆造纸行业固体废物的来源和处理现状。制浆造纸行业的固体废弃物包括原生浆生产中的原料备料废渣、碱回收车间白泥、废水处理污泥以及二次纤维利用过程中产生的脱墨污泥、筛选废渣等。其中，干法备料废渣的主要成分为树皮、植物碎屑和尘土、砂砾等，不含化学药品等污染成分。禾草制浆和木材制浆备料产生的草屑和树皮为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)2产生量虽大，但相对较易处理，如采用草屑锅炉和树皮锅炉等设备处理，炉温可以保持400C以上，且环境污染程度较小。又如碱回收产生的白泥，近年来随着真空脱水设备效率的不断提高，白泥固含量已经能够达到70%以上，使得用白泥脱硫、用白泥制造造纸填料、塑料制品填充物、制作建材等成为可能，并在一些企业得到实际应用。然而，废水处理厂产生的污泥和废纸制浆脱墨污泥的产量规模巨大，成分比较复杂、污染程度高、治理难度大，近年来一直是各行业开发利用的研究热点和难点，本文将重点介绍造纸污泥的治理进展和前景展望。2.造纸污泥的处理概况2造纸污泥的性质造纸污泥是一种生物固体废弃物，这种废弃物有机质含量较高，但理化性质与城市污泥及其他工业污泥有所不同。造纸污泥可分为脱墨污泥(de—inkingpapersludge)、初级污泥(primarysludge)、二次(secondarysludge)和混合污泥(combinedsludge)4种类型。来源于生产原木纤维所产生的污泥称为初级污泥；通过对回用的废纸脱墨所产生的污泥称为脱墨造纸污泥；二次污泥也被称为活性污泥，来自污水的二级处理过程，二级处理一般采用生物化学的方法去除呈胶体状态和溶解状态的有机污染物；初级污泥与活性污泥的为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesign