M6U2. Grammar快速学会非谓语动词之要点总结

非谓语动词，意思就是不能在句中充当谓语。但是，作为一个动词，它还是有个动作的执行者（主动关系）或承受者（被动关系），我们将之称为其“逻辑主语”。下面的练习要求是：1，指出其在句中所作的成分。2，找出该非谓语的逻辑主语，并指出与该动词是主动关系还是被动关系；3，指出非谓语的动作是发生在主句动作之前还是之后；逻辑关系时间先后句子成分1.HavingrealizedthatIcouldusekitetoattractthelightning,Idecidedtodotheexperiment.2.Thebellrang,andalltheboysandgirlswentoutoftheirclassroom,singingandjumping.3.Theboysswimmingintheseawereindanger.4.Theyhearingthenews,theirtearscamedowntheircheek.5.Whentakenfollowingitsdirections,thedrughasnoneglecteffect.主动主动主动主动被动1.Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.（09安徽）A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproducedC2.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.（09北京）A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrowA3.Thewaytheguests_____inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheservice.（09北京）A.treatedB.weretreatedC.wouldtreatD.wouldbetreatedB4.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.（09北京）A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresentD5.___twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.（09北京）A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten6.nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.（09福建）A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.HavingremindedBB7.InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.（09福建）A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked8.Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.（09湖南）A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen9.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.（09湖南）A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wonderedADA二、一般句子转换为含非谓语部分（分词）的句子方法(一):由定语从句改为分词短语：1.若关系词之后有be动词(限be在结构be+V-ing或be+V-ed中时),则删去关系代词和be,其它成分不变。A).Watchthemenwhoarecomingthisway.Watchthemancomingthisway.B).Lessonswhicharelearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten.C).Thedogwhichwasbeatenyesterdayisdead.Lessonslearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten.Thedogbeatenyesterdayisdead.2.若关系词之后没有be动词(限be在结构be+V-ing或be+V-ed中时)而是一般的动词，则删去关系词，再将动词改为-ing形式，其它不变。A).Anyonewhowishestoleaveearlymaydoso.Anyonewishingtoleaveearlymaydoso.Theboysittingnearthewindowwasgoodatplayingfootball.Weseethestreamrisingfromthehole.B).Theboywhosatnearthewindowwasgoodatplayingfootball.C).Weseethestreamwhichrisesfromthehole.方法（二）：由状语从句改为分词短语。A).先将引导状语从句的连接词去掉。B).如果状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，则去掉从句主语；不相同，则保留从句主语（亦称独立主格结构）C).再将原状语从句的谓语动词变成V-ing形式，补充:当状语从句的谓语含有be+V-ing(进行时结构)或be+V-ed(被动式)时，也可能将be去掉,其它部分不变。注意:若主句动词为现在时，而状语从句的动词为过去时，那么为了表示状语从句的动作时间早于主句的动词，则变分词短语是应改为完成式。转换练习：1.状语从句主语与主句主语相同。（逆向法：即分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语）1).AfterIhadheardfrommybrother,Ifeltmuchhappy.2).Asheisill,hecan’tattendthemeeting.3).Whenhewasbuyingthebooks,hemetanoldfriend.4).Becausehehasbeenpraisedtoomuch,hebecomestooproud.Havingheardfrommybrother,Ifeltmuchrelieved.Beingill,hecan’tattendthemeeting.Buyingthebook,hemetanoldfriendHavingbeenpraisedtoomuch,hebecomestooproud.2.前后主语不相同，改为独立主格结构。（逆向法：分词的逻辑主语就是原状语从句的主语）1).Afterthesunhadset,wearrivedatthestation.2).Whenschoolwasover,theboyswenthome.3).Ashishomeworkhasbeendone,theboyswenthome.4).Iftheweatherpermits,we’llgototheGreatWall.Thesunhavingset,wearrivedatthestation.Schoolbeingover,theboyswenthome.Hishomeworkhavingbeendone,theboyswenthome.Theweatherpermitting,we’llgototheGreatWall.3.注意。1).Becausehislovelydogwasdead,littleboyisveryupset.2).Ashewasidleinhisyouth,hehastoworkhardinhisoldage.3).Afternewteachingbuildingwasfinished,studentsstudyinthenewclassroomnow.Hislovelydoghavingbeendead,littleboyisveryupset.Havingbeenidleinhisyouth,hehastoworkhardinhisoldage.Newteachingbuildinghavingbeenfinished,studentsstudyinthenewclassroomnow.方法(三)：并列句改为分词短语的方法：分词可以代替并列句中的一个句子，其作用是说话者对主要句子的补充。先将并列句中的连接词去掉，然后将其中一个谓语动词变为V-ing形式。注意：两句若是用句号隔开，变化后将句号改为逗号。条件：并列句主语相同时，保留一个主语；并列句主语不相同时，两个主语都保留。此处也要注意到方法（二）中的“一个补充”和“一个注意”。转换练习：1.并列句主语相同时，保留一个主语。1).Mytrainstartsat12anditwillarriveinWuhanat3.2).Shealonestayedathomeandshedidherhomework.Mytrainstartsat12,arrivinginWuhanat3.Shealonestayedathome,doingherhomework.2.并列句主语不相同时，两个主语都保留。1.Hewasreadingabook,andhiswifewasdoinghousework.2.TheylistenedtothemovedstoryaboutRenChangxia.Tearsrandowntheircheeks.Hewasreadingabook,hiswifedoinghouseworkTheylistenedtothemovedstoryaboutRenChangxia,tearsrunningdowntheircheeks.三、注意此类句型的一种变体。连接词+分词：（此类句型实际上是将从属连词when,while,though,as等引导的从句省略了相同的主语及be动词变化而来的）转换练习：1.WhilehewasfightinginKorea,hewastakenprisoner.2.Whenthedrugistakenaccordingtoitsintroductions,thedrughasnoneglecteffect.WhilefightinginKorea,hewastakenprisoner.Whentakenaccordingtoitsintroductions,thedrughasnoneglecteffect.四、小结：一回头：找该非谓语的逻辑主语；两确定：确定该非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主谓或动宾关系。确定该非谓语动词的动作与主句谓语的动作先后；五、巩固练习：1、将下列复合句或并列句改为含分词短语的句子①Whenhelefttheclassroom,hedidn’tsaygoodbyetome.②Becauseheisill,hecan’tattendthemeeting.③Theteacheristeachingintheclassroom.JimandTomareplayinggames.④Theboyswhoswamintheriverwereindanger.Whenleavingtheclassroom,hedidn’tsaygoodbyetome.Beingill,hecan’tattendthemeetingTheteacherteachingintheclassroom,JimandTomareplayinggames.Theboysswimmingintheriverwereindanger.⑤Thepolicemansawthethiefwhowasstealingabike.⑥Thisisoneof