英文版(美国煤矿粉尘标准)

SummariesofUSAcoalmineoccupationalsafetyandhealth1.SomedataaboutCWP(coalworker'spneumoconiosis)TableswhichshowstherateandnumberofminerswithCWPfrom1970-2009(1)TenureinfluentthepossibilityofCWPTenure(yearsinundergroundmining)TimePeriod1970-19741975-19791980-19841985-19891990-19941995-19992000-20042005-2009*TotalNo.ofMinersExamined85,64458,86435,78712,81611,7279,10013,79411,211TotalNo.withCWP13,2882,8871,083460424233570455Total%withCWP15.54.933.63.62.64.14.10-9No.ofMinersExamined36,30343,29623,1905,0631,6388064,2614,281No.withCWP803475186442074727%withCWP2.211.10.80.91.20.91.10.610-14No.ofMinersExamined6,4645,4607,0504,3452,968642562311No.withCWP58632816611168710**%withCWP9.162.42.62.31.11.81Tenure(yearsinundergroundmining)TimePeriod1970-19741975-19791980-19841985-19891990-19941995-19992000-20042005-2009*15-19No.ofMinersExamined6,2102,7052,2532,0714,0371,7781,156235No.withCWP91029813911812534375%withCWP14.7116.25.73.11.93.22.120-24No.ofMinersExamined8,7692,0449936832,1783,4753,100958No.withCWP1877380102631158615247%withCWP21.418.610.39.25.32.54.94.925+No.ofMinersExamined27,8985,3592,3016549062,3994,7155,426No.withCWP9,1121,4064901249699324376%withCWP32.726.221.31910.64.16.96.9（2）Numberand%ofminerswithCWPindifferentperiodYearTotalNo.ofMinersExaminedTotalNo.withCWPTotal%withCWPSource:CWXSP—CoalWorkers'X-raySurveillanceProgram—Ref.19707,0852,16230.5197130,7035,15416.819726,91671710.419738,00196112.0197432,9394,29413.01970-197485,64413,28815.519758,7794825.519767,5811742.319777,8701942.5197810,2353863.8197924,3991,6516.81975-197958,8642,8874.9NumberwithCWP0-910-1415-1920-2425+YearTotalNo.ofMinersExaminedTotalNo.withCWPTotal%withCWP19807,5323034.019819,2012342.519824,536801.819834,8331332.819849,6853333.41980-198435,7871,0833.019853,056692.31986848303.519872,867923.219883,5891684.719892,4561014.11985-198912,8164603.61990891616.819911,036383.719923,5781403.919933,640952.619942,582903.51990-199411,7274243.619951,920573.01996607274.419971,625322.0YearTotalNo.ofMinersExaminedTotalNo.withCWPTotal%withCWP1998883313.519994,065862.11995-19999,1002332.620006,2642423.920012,6181044.020021,7231096.320031,423694.820041,766462.62000-200413,7945704.12005706375.220062,8771675.820072,923822.820083,4571113.220091,248584.62005-200911,2114554.115.54.933.63.62.64.14.1024681012141618Total%withCWPTotal%withCWP(3)Factorsmayinfluencethelungfunction13,2882,8871,08346042423357045502,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,000TotalNo.withCWPTotalNo.withCWPFigureIII-2—Schematicdiagramofchangeindistributionofrespirablecoalminedustconcentrations(RCMD)atanindividualworkLocationasprojectedbyQRAfortheproposedrule.VerticallinerepresentsthefinalrespirablecoalminedustconcentrationstandardFigureIII-3—Schematicdiagramofprojectedchangeindistributionofrespirablecoalminedust(RCMD)（呼吸性粉尘）concentrationsaccordingtothecommentersapproach.Verticallinerepresentsfinalrespirablecoalminedustconcentrationstandard2.Standardofcoalminedusta.SurfaceCoalMinesandFacilities（设备）Thefollowingtablepresentsasummaryofthe2008-2009samplingdataforsurfacecoalminesandfacilitiesbyselectedoccupations.Ofthemorethan4,500samplestakenbyMSHAinspectorsatsurfacecoaloperationsandfacilitiesduring2008and2009approximately（近似的）5%exceeded（超过）thestandardandtheaveragedeviation（偏差）was0.69mg/m3belowthestandard.Themean（平均值）andmedian（中位数）ofthesampleswere0.47mg/m3and0.26mg/m3,respectively.MSHAbelievesthatthesedataoverstate（夸张）theexposuresatsurfacecoaloperationsandfacilitiesbecause,ratherthanconducting（引导）random（随机的）sampling,MSHAinspectorstendtosampleoperationswheretheybelieverespirablecoalminedustlevelsarehigh.Basedonthesedata,MSHAconcludesthatmostoperationsatsurfaceminesandfacilitiescanmeetthe1.5mg/m3standardwithoutsignificantchangesoneachshift.OccupationNumberofsamplesMeanmg/m3Medianmg/m3Pct.standard*Avg.deviation平均偏差mg/m3*1.5mg/m3orareducedstandardbelow1.5mg/m3.BulldozerOperator推土机司机1,1180.280.161-0.50CleaningPlantOperator1750.750.5913-0.75CleanupMan1080.550.442-0.95CrusherAttendant1040.620.3512-0.71OccupationNumberofsamplesMeanmg/m3Medianmg/m3Pct.standard*Avg.deviation平均偏差mg/m3FineCoalPlantOperator1770.840.7114-0.66HighliftOperator/FrontEndLoader1600.280.121-1.08HighwallDriller7970.430.244-0.44Laborer/Blacksmith1790.520.348-0.90Mechanic1940.490.374-1.00Other**7990.470.285-0.83RefuseTruckDriver/BackfillTruckDriver1620.300.240-1.13UtilityMan3860.710.4412-0.76Welder(NonShop)1880.690.2410-0.81Total4,5470.470.265-0.69Thehighestmeanandmedianexposuresandthegreatestpercentageofsamplesexceedingthestandardwereforthecleaningplantandfinecoalplantoperators.AsMSHAstatedinthePREA,workersinsurfacefacilitiescanbeprotectedbyenclosingthedust-generatingprocesses,placingtheoperatorinanenvironmentallycontrolledbooth,usingdustcollectorstolimittheamountofdustthatbecomesairborne,ensuringthattheequipmentisbeingmaintainedandfunctioningproperly,andfollowinggoodworkpractices.b.Intake(吸入)AiratUndergroundCoalMinesThefollowingtablepresentsasummaryofthe2008-2009inspectorintakeairsamplesatundergroundcoalmines.Ofthemorethan8,200samplestaken