外来物种风险评估指标体系和评估方法

1,2,1(1.,210042;2.,066004):,,:;;;:Q16;S4:A:1673-4831(2006)02-0092-05IndexSystemandMethodologyforRiskAssessmentofAlienSpecies.DINGHui1,SHIBi2qing2,XUHai2gen1(1.NanjingInstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,StateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration,Nanjing210042,China;2.EnvironmentalManagementCollegeofChina,Qinhuangdao066004,China)Abstract:Riskassessmentisoneofthemosteffectivemeasurestopreventinvasionofalienspecies.Basedonriskidentificationofalienspecies,anindexsystemforriskassessmentofalienspecieswasestablished,consistingof3differentlayers,i.e.objective,criteria,andindexlayers,and17indexparameters,byfollowingtheprincipleofessentiality,systematicality,practicalityandflexibility.Inaddition,methodsforindexquantification,weightsetting,comprehensivemodelingandriskgradingwerepresented.Keywords:alienspecies;riskassessment;indexsystem;assessmentmethodology,,,,,,[1-5],,1,(CBD)(FAO)[6](TBT)(SPS),(IUCN)IUCN(EPPO)[7],[8-9]1999,1,,(weedsriskas2sessmentsystem)370(),,[10],,142002,,2,[2003]6,,,,;:(2002CB111400);(2001BA611B):2005-10-282006,22(2):92-96JournalofEcologyandRuralEnvironment'1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1)4:,,,,,,1Fig.1Identificationofinvasionriskofalienspecies2.2,,,(2)2Fig.2Flowchartforestablishmentofanindexsystemforriskassessmentofalienspecies392:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(1),,,(2),,,(3),,(4),,,,,2.42.4.13(R)(R),4(Ri)(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4),(Rij),,17(1),,,1Table1RiskassessmentindexsystemforalienspeciesRRiRijR1R:()():R2,()()()R3()()()()()()()()()R4,,,2.4.22.4.2.1,3(1):,,,(2):,,,,(3):2.4.2.2,4(1):,(2):,4922©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(3):,(4):,,,,,,2.4.2.36(1):,(2):,(3):3:,();;(4):(5):,(6):,,;2.4.2.44(1):(2):,(3):,33.12,,3.1.1,,,5,,012343.1.24;;;,,,,;3.22,,,,,,;,,,[11],,,3.33.3.1,(1):,,,(2):,,,(3):,,,3.3.2,:592:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.=4Ri,Ri=WiRijWi,Ri=Max(Ri1,Ri2,Rij)3.4,,,;,,,(1997)(1989)(1992)()(1997),(),,,(2)2Table2Criteriaforriskgradingofalienspecies3.24.0,2.73.2,2.02.7,1.22.0,01.2,4,317,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1],,,.[J].,2002,16(5):257-261.[2],.[J].,1997,11(2):331-334.[3],,,.[J].,1995,9(4):208-211.[4],,,.[J].,1994,8(6):331-334.[5],.[J].,1998,12(1):52-55.[6]FAO.InternationalStandardsforPhytosanitaryMeasuresPestRiskAnalysisforQuarantinePestsIncludingAnalysisofEnviron2mentalRisksandLivingModifiedOrganisms[Z].Rome,2004:ISPMNo.11.[7]OEPP/EPPO.EPPOStandardPM5/3GuidelinesonPestRiskA2nalysisPestRiskAssessmentScheme[J].OEPP/EPPOBulletin,1997,27(2):281-305.[8]RiskAssessmentandManagementCommittee,AquaticNuisanceSpeciesTaskForce.TheGenericNonindigenousAquaticOrgan2ismsRiskAnalysisReviewProcess[R].Washington,DC:1996.[9]THOMASPA.WeedRiskAssessmentandPreventioninHawaii:StatusandPracticalities[C]//GROVESRH,PANETTAFD,VIRTUEJG.WeedRiskAssessment.Victoria,Australia:CSIROPublishing,2001:176-181.[10]PHELOUNGPC,WILLIAMSPA,HALLOYSR.AWeedRiskAssessmentModelforUseasaBiosecurityToolEvaluatingPlantIntroductions[J].JournalofEnvironmentalManagement,1999,57(4):239-251.[11].[M].:,1998:32-142.:(1970),,,,6922©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.