2012年广东高考英语命题揭秘与专题练析课件 议论文

议论文也就是说理性的文章,通常由论点、论据、论证过程和结论组成。为了突出写作目的,作者常在文章开头就提出论点,以便读者对作者观点有一个比较清晰的了解。提出论点之后,作者就会提供论据来论证论点是否正确。作者可以用来论证的方法较多,最为常见的方法是正反论证,这样的论证思路清晰,观点明确,说服力强,震憾度高。论证结束之后,作者常就论点是否正确提出明确结论,它体现作者的写作目的和文章的现实意义。也就是说,议论文一般会按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题、抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题、抓住了观点,我们就把握了中心,再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系,我们就能理解文章的结构。因此,阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。而作者提出论题或观点多在文首或文尾,段首或段尾,这些都是阅读的重点部分。(1)短文略,见资料书P91—92A.succeedwithouteffortandhardworkB.encouragepeoplearoundtobecomeconfidentC.appearmoreattractiveandthusbecomesuccessfulD.gaintheconfidenceofothersandfeelsuccessful1.Thosewhoaretrulyconfident___.1.B细节理解题。由第一段第3句“inspireconfidenceinothers”可知。A.praiseB.imitateC.talktoD.laughat2.Theunderlinedword“mock”(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto___.2.D词义猜测题。通过“evenif”所引导从句的语气和下文“criticize”,可推知“即使他人嘲笑和批评你,也要坚持做你认为是对的事情。”“mock”的意思是“嘲笑”。A.praisetheminreturnB.gainfurtherimprovementC.politelyacceptthecomplimentsD.expectthemtocongratulateyouagain3.Whenotherscongratulateusonourachievements,wearesupposedto___.3.C细节理解题。由第五段第4、5句(即引号内的句子)可知。A.Lookbeforeyourleap.B.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.C.Geniusis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.D.Learnfrompastmistakesandavoidfutureones.4.WhichofthefollowingproverbsbestgoeswithParagraph4?4.D推理判断题。由第四段第3句可知。A选项意思是“三思而行”;B选项意思是“覆水难收”;C选项意思是“天才是1%的灵感和99%的努力”。A.tellpeoplehowtobecomesuccessfulB.convincepeopletodowhattheybelievetoberightC.encouragepeopletobuildconfidenceandachievesuccessD.criticizepeoplewholackconfidenceandthusfailintheircareer5.Thepurposeofthetextisto___.5.C主旨大意题。A选项不全面,忽略了“confidence”与“success”的关系;B选项过于片面,只涉及第三段的内容,D选项没有把握文章的中心大意和作者的写作意图,作者并没有批判缺乏自信的人。A.hewillbehighlyrespectedB.hewillgetmoneyasaprizeC.itcanarousehisbeliefinhisabilityD.itcanbringthemtoimportantpositions(2)短文略,见资料书P926.Saying“welldone”toaworkingemployeecanimprovehismoralebecause___.6.C细节理解题。从文章第三段“theirconfidenceincreasesand...”可以知道。被老板欣赏能激发他们的自信。A.blamingB.suspectingC.takingcareofD.keepingtrackof7.Theunderlinedwords“swearingat”(inPara.4)probablymeans___.7.A词义猜测题。从后文的“beeffectiveinthecompletionofthework”和“employeesarehumanswhoshouldberespected”可以推测出是责备或咒骂员工。A.askemployeestospeakproperlyinpublicB.askemployeestogivetheiropinionsinsecretC.askemployerstocollectviewsonnewpoliciesD.askemployersopenaccessestocommunication8.Paragraph5tellsusthatawaytoimproveemployees’moraleisto___.8.D细节推理题。从“Thisisbecausethereisnotpropercommunicationbetweentheemployeesandtheemployeronaregularbasis.”可以推断出只有定期地开通沟通平台才能解决该问题。9.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?9.C文章结构题。从全文来看，第一段提出主题,第二段说明原因,第三、四、五段并列提出三点建议,第六段总结。A.reasonsofcompanies’lowmoraleB.waysofimprovingcompanies’moraleC.theimportanceofmoraleforcompaniesD.methodsofimprovingcompaniesproductivity10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?10.B全文主旨题。从全文可以推断出来。productivity生产效率unrest不安workload工作量appreciation欣赏，感激monetary钱的depressed沮丧的respect尊重onaregularbasis经常地【助读词汇】A.Bypushinghimselfveryhard.B.Byturningtoothersforhelp.C.Bychanginghismethod.D.Bylearningfromothers’experience.(3)短文略，见资料书P93—9411.Howdidtheauthorachievethesocialskillfinally？11.C细节推断题。根据文章第二段的第一句Ifollowthesaying:“Ifsomethingdoesn’twork,dotheopposite”可知。A.readmorebooksandwatchvideosB.travelallaroundtheworldC.communicatewithmanyotherpeopleD.studymoretheoreticalmethods12.Thebestwaytogainexperienceindifferentsituationsisto___.12.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句No.Youexperimentwithtonsofpeople可知,同义转换。A.Peopleareafraidtohavementalcommunicationwithothers.B.Peoplelacktheinitiativetomakefriends.C.Peopledon’thavetheambitiontobesuccessful.D.Peopleusuallylacktheabilitytoleadothers.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3mean?13.A句意理解题。由第三段的第二句Everyoneisafraidofeveryone可知。A.ifonewantstosucceed,hehastotakeactionsB.thosesuccessfulpeopleusuallyownleaderstraitsC.ifweworkhard,wecangetthechanceseasierD.itisdifficultforonetochangeone’smentality14.TheauthormayagreewiththefollowingstatementEXCEPTthat___.14.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第五句Andwhatisgreataboutthisisthatit’snothardtoshiftmentality可知。A.introducetheauthor’sexperienceofbecomingsuccessfulB.encouragepeopletotakeactiontorealizetheirdreamsC.talkaboutthecharacteristicsaleadershouldownD.describewhysomepeoplecansucceedandbecomerich15.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto__.15.B主旨大意题。根据全文,尤其是最后一段的第一句可知。Peoplearesomuchbasedonfirstimpressionthatit’sunderstandablethatweoftenavoidgettingtoknownewpeople,whichisquitesadtome.结构分析：这个句子是一个so...that的结果状语从句,所引导的that从句又包括了一个itis...that的主语从句(it为形式主语),whichisquitesadtome是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个句子。汉语大意：人们仅凭第一印象就决定避免和新认识的人交往,这是可以理解的,但对我来说却是件痛苦的事。【难句理解】expertisen.专门知识progressivelyadv.渐进地massiveadj.巨大的,大规模的【助读词汇】(4)短文略，见资料书P94-95A.Toputforwardthetopicofthispassage.B.Totellusthepeoplewhogrowriceworkharder.C.Togiveusabriefintroductionofthefarmers.D.Tohelpusrecallthehardshipsofthefarming.16.What’sthepurposeofPara1?16.A推理判断题。文中第一段译为“回溯一下历史,毫无疑问,耕种稻米的农民总是比耕种其他农作物的农民更辛苦。”结合下文谈到的种植水稻的人们的艰辛可看出第一段起到了引出话题的作用。17.Whatdoestheword“odd”inpara2mean?A.Attractive.B.Strange.C.Interesting.D.Real.17.B词义猜测题。从文中第二段的第一句中的becausewehaveasensethateveryoneinthepre-modernworldworkedreallyhard“因为我们都会觉得所有生活在非现代化社会的人工作都十分辛苦。”可判断出odd