非谓语动词的区别(高二版.ppt)

•如何区分动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语？主要根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的关系来决定。1.如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是被动关系或表动作已完成。就用过去分词。Thebook_________(write)bythepeasantisinteresting.2.1)如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，而且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词的一般式（doing)Didyouseethegirl__________(dance)withyourbrotherwrittendancing2)如果非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示动作正在进行就用现在分词的被动式（beingdone)。例如：Thehousebeingdecoratednowismine.3.动词不定式作定语，表示“将来”的意义。1）不定式与被修饰词之间虽然是动宾关系，但如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，就用不定式的主动形式（todo)。Ihavealettertotype.2不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系且表示即将进行的动作就用动词不定式的被动式（tobedone)。Thehousetoberepairednextmonthwillbemine.练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1)Thehouse_______(build)lastyearismyuncle’shouse.2)Thebuilding__________(build)nextyearwillbetheteachingbuilding.3)Thebuilding__________(build)nowwillbethelabbuilding.builttobebuiltbeingbuilt•现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：1.现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征，含有“令人……的”之意，主语与表语之间是主动关系。主语一般是物。例如：1)Thestorysoundsinteresting.2)Thenewswasdisappointing.2.过去分词作表语时一般置于be,get,become,look,sound,feelremain等系动词的后面，表示主语所处的状态或感受,在逻辑上与主语有被动关系，例如：1）Iwaspleasedatthenews.2）Thedoorremainedlocked3）Helookedveryexcited.英语中有许多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示“令人…”,主语一般是物；其过去分词表示“(人)感到…”，主语多为人。1）Thebookisvery_________,soIamvery__________init.(interest)2)Allthepeoplewere________aboutthe_________news.(excite)3)Fromhis_____________lookonhisface,thepriceofthemeatmusthaverisen.(disappoint)4)Iam_____ofthebaby,becausehecriesallthetime.Heisso______(tire).interestinginterestedexcitedexcitingdisappointedtiredtiring5.Theboylookedupwitha___________(please)expression.注意：用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。pleased动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：1.现在分词作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是现在分词动作的执行者）。而且表示动作正在进行，就用现在分词作宾语补足语2.动词不定式作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系（即宾语是动词不定式动作的执行者）。不表示动作正在进行,只表示动作的全过程,就用动词不定式作宾语补足语。3.过去分词作宾语补足语。宾语与宾补之间在逻辑上存在着动宾关系（即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者）。就用过去分词作宾语补足语。1)Hegothissister_________(work)aletterforhim.2)Ourteachershaveus______(do)ourhomeworkeveryday.3)Thebossmadehisworkers___________(work)twelvehoursaday.4)Hehadhissister____________(write)aletterforhim.5)Isawhisbrother__________(get)inacar.towritedoworkwriteget6)Ihadthatdoor___________(paint)onlylastweek.7)AweekagoIhadahundreddollars__________(save)8)Wehaveyourmedicine___________(prepare)now.Pleasetakeit.9)Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyself__________(hear).10)Don’tletthelightinyourroom____________(burn)allnightlong.11)Wecanhearthewindows__________(beat)bytheheavyraindrops.12)Iwantthesuit_____________(make)tohisownmeasure.paintedsavedpreparedheardburningbeatenmade13)Thebossmadetheworkers_______(work)allnightlong.14)Theworkershadthemachine_______(turn)allday.15)Hegothissister_________(post)theletterforhim.16)Whenthehusbandreturned,henoticedherhair______(cut)。17)Theweavershadthelight________(burn)alldayandallnight.workingturningtopostcutburning3.过去分词、现在分词作状语的区别：根据分词与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系来决定两种分词的选择。1)如果分词的动作是由句子的主语发出的，那么主语与分词所表示的动作是主谓关系，就用现在分词的一般式doing或现在分词的完成式havingdone。例如：1)Comparingthenewbuildingwiththeoldone,wefindthatthenewonelooksmorebeautiful.2)Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iwenthome.若分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的，分词所表示的动作与主语是动宾关系（即是该分词动作的承受者），则用过去分词(done)或用现在分词完成被动式havingbeendone但要注意，havingbeendone是强调一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前。过去分词done表被动，表示动作已完成，但没有强调发生在谓语动词之前。1)Comparedwiththeoldone,thenewbuildinglooksmorebeautiful.2)Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.3)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hecouldn’tunderstandit.3）__________(light)acandle,shewentout.4）_____________(hear)this,thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction.5)_____________________(show)thelabs,weweretakentoseethelibrary.6)When____________(heat),watercanbechangedintosteam.7)_________________(ask)tostay,Icouldn’tverywellleave.人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。HavinglitHavingheardHavingbeenshownheatedHavingbeenasked1)__________(see)fromthetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.2)Once__________(publish),thisdictionarywillbeverypopular.3)________(give)moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.4)________(pay)moreattention,thechildwillbehappier.5)_________(choke)byheavysmoke,hecouldhardlybreathe..SeenpublishedGivenPaidChoked6)Thewomanscientistenteredthelab,________(follow)byherassistants.7)______(be)ill,shedidn’tgotheschooltoday.8)______(see)nobodyathome,Idecidedtocomeagain.9)Not_______(know)hertelephonenumber,Icouldn’tringherup.10)Not________________（receive）ananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.followedBeingSeeingknowinghavingreceived11)____________________(tell)thatitwasgoingtosnow,thatclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonthehighestpeak.12)_________(hear)thegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.13)_________(walk)inthestreet,Isawafriendofmine.14)Hesatatthetable_______(read)ChinaDaily.15)________（laugh）and______(talk),theywentintotheroom.16)Pleasefillinthisform,_______(give)yourname,address,etc.HavingbeentoldHearingWalkingreadingLaughingtalkinggiving17)Hermotherdiedin1979,_______(leave)herwithfouryoungerbrothersandsisters.18)Thechildfell,__________(strike)hisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.19)_________(turn)totheright,youwillfindtheplaceyoufind.20)_____________(work)hard,youwillsucceed.leavingstrikingTurningWorking•过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别：1.及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，它有“完成”和“被动”的含义，但却没有强调该动作发生在谓语动词前。它有时可以用现在分词完成被动式去替换。•eg:Thebridgehadbeenweakenedbysuccessivestormsa