虚拟语气讲解与练习

虚拟语气与真实条件句的区别试比较下面的句子：1.Ifyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillgiveyouahand.2.Ifyoucameheretomorrow,Iwouldgiveyouahand.3.Ifyoucameyesterday,Iwouldgiveyouahand.4.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhavegivenyouahand.5.Ifitrains,Iwillnotcome.6.Ifitrained,Iwouldnotcome.7.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldnotcome.真实条件句：虚拟语气：真实条件句表示有实现的可能，然而虚拟语气指的是一种假设并不能实现。1，3，52,4,6,7虚拟语气讲解与练习刘宏斌一．虚拟语气的种类虚拟语气一般分为四种，如下图所示：时间主句从句与现在事实相反Would/could/should/might+dodid/were与过去事实相反Would/could/should/might+havedonehaddone与将来事实相反Would/could/should/might+dodid/wereto/shoulddo混合时态虚拟语气Would/could/should/might+do/bedoingWould/could/should/might+havedonehaddonebut+事实各个时态的例子1.与现在事实相反：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeallhisadvice.IfIhadtime,Iwouldgotherewithmyfriends.IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyasecondcomputer.2.与过去事实相反：Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavebeenpunished.Ifyouhadstudiedhard,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifithadn’tbeenfortheflood,wewouldhavegotagoodharvest.3.与将来事实相反：Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow,Iwouldn’tcome.Ifheweretocome/shouldcome/came,theproblemwouldbesettled.Shoulditraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbedelayeduntilnextweek.4.混合时态虚拟语气：Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’tbecryinghere.Iwouldhavecometoyourhelp,butIwasbusyyesterday.虚拟语气在倒装句中的使用虚拟语气的从句如果省略if就要变成倒装句，例子如下：Wereittoraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tcometoyourhelp.Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tcometoyourhelp.=IfWereittoraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tcometoyourhelp.=IfitShouldraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tcometoyourhelp.Haditnotbeenforhishelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.=Ifithadn’tbeenforhishelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.结构：（1）were主语(not)todo,+主句（2）should主语(not)do，+主句（3）had主语（not)done,+主句虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用1.it+be+suggested/advised/requested+thatsbshoulddo或者do.Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbesettledrightnow.或Itissuggestedthattheworkbesettledrightnow.Itisadvisedthatmoreefforts(should)bemadetoimprovethequalityoftheproduct.Itisrequestedthateverybody（should)keeplawandorder.Itisorderedthatallthesoldiers(should)makeclearwarningsbeforeshooting.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用2.itisimportant/necessary/strange/odd/proper/natural/imperative/apity/ashamethat+主语（should)+do/bedoing/havedone1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masterEnglishinmodernsociety.2.Itisstrangethatthelittlegirl(should)havespokentohermotherlikethat.3.Itisnecessarythateveryone(should)comehereintime.4.Itisstrangethatthelittlegirl(should)bespeakingtohermotherlikethat.练习一（主语从句）1.Itisimportantandnecessarythatone____aforeignlanguagesothathecanbebetterequippedforhisfuture.A.learnsB.learnedC.learnD.willlearn2.ItisnecessarythatpeoplebothyoungandoldinChina______someEnglishtobepreparedfortheworld----widecommunication.A.learnB.willlearnC.mustlearnD.shalllearn3.Itwasstrangethathe______somanymistakesintheexamyesterday.A.makeB.shouldhavemadeC.madeD.shouldmakeCAB虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用（1）1.表示命令、建议、要求、愿望、决定等动词之后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，并且should可以省略。这些动词为：(1).Thedoctoradvisedthathe(should)giveupsmokingrightnow.(2).Thegeneralorderedthatallthesoldiers(should)giveclearwarningsbeforeshooting.(3).Themaninsistedthatwe(should)apologizetohim.(4).Thelittleboyinsistedthathehadn’tstolenanymoneyandthathe(should)besetfreeimmediately.(5).Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewaspleasedwiththeresult.(6).Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)makefullpreparationsforthefinalexam.Insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,request,require,demand,ask.1,2,3,4原则虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用（2）2.Wish的用法（1)对现在虚拟用一般过去式did/were,IwishIwereabird.(2)对过去虚拟用过去完成时haddone,IwishIhadgonetherewithyouyesterday.(3)对将来虚拟用过去将来时would/coulddo,IwishIcouldcometoyourparty.Wish的用法语ifonly的用法一致，不详细讲述。3.Wouldrather的用法（1）对现在或将来虚拟用一般过去式did/were，Iwouldratherhewentwithmetomorrow(now）.（2）对过去虚拟用过去完成时haddone，Iwouldrathershehaddonethatyesterday.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用练习1.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe____badlywoundedandthathe_______atonce.A.shouldbe,beoperatedonB.were,mustbeoperatedonC.was,shouldbeoperatedD.was,beoperatedon2.Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe______quitewellthen.A.besent,wasfeelingB.wassent,shouldfeelC.besent,feelD.shouldbesent,shouldfeel3.Thebusdriverinsistedthathe_____atanormalspeedandtherefore_____forthechild’sdeath.A.drive,notanswerB.wasdriving,shouldn’tanswerC.shoulddrive,shouldn’thaveansweredD.drove,shouldn’tanswer4.HowIwishyou_______tomybirthdaypartylastnight.A.cameB.wouldcomeC.hadcomeD.wouldhavecome5._________youradvice,Iwouldhavehadnotroublewithmypapers.A.HadIfollowedB.IfIfollowedC.IfIhavefollowedD.OnceIfollowedDADCA虚拟语气在表语从句中的使用1.当insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,request,require,demand,ask引导主语从句，它们的表语从句也要用虚拟语气。(1).Whattheteachersuggestedwasthatwe(should)workatEnglish.(2).Whatthegeneralorderedwasthatthesoldiers(should)giveclearwarningsbeforeshooting.2.表示命令、建议、要求等词的名词需要用表语从句的时候，表语从句也要用虚拟语气。（1).Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)gothererightnow.(2).Hisadvicewasthateveryone(should)comehereontime.(3).Thegeneral’sorderwasthateverysoldier(should)dotheirbesttosavethesufferingpeople.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用练习当表示命令、建议、要求的名词出现其后接同位语从句时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气，should可以省略。这些动词为：demand,require,request,recommend,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,desire,intend,insist,decide,determi