广西民族大学写作与翻译2008真题

第1页共3页广西民族大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试试题（所有试题答案必须写在答题纸上，答案写在试卷上无效）学科专业：外国语言学与应用语言学研究方向：翻译理论与实践/语言文化比较（英语）考试科目：825写作与翻译试卷代号：A卷PartOneTranslation1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)PoliticsandtheEnglishLanguageGeorgeOrwellMostpeoplewhobotherwiththematteratallwouldadmitthattheEnglishlanguageisinabadway,butitisgenerallyassumedthatwecannotbyconsciousactiondoanythingaboutit.Ourcivilizationisdecadentandourlanguage—sotheargumentruns—mustinevitablyshareinthegeneralcollapse.Itfollowsthatanystruggleagainsttheabuseoflanguageisasentimentalarchaism,likepreferringcandlestoelectriclightorhansomcabstoaeroplanes.Underneaththisliesthehalf-consciousbeliefthatlanguageisanaturalgrowthandnotaninstrumentwhichweshapeforourownpurposes.Now,itisclearthatthedeclineofalanguagemustultimatelyhavepoliticalandeconomiccauses:itisnotduesimplytothebadinfluenceofthisorthatindividualwriter.Butaneffectcanbecomeacause,reinforcingtheoriginalcauseandproducingthesameeffectinanintensifiedform,andsoonindefinitely.Amanmaytaketodrinkbecausehefeelshimselftobeafailure,andthenfailallthemorecompletelybecausehedrinks.ItisratherthesamethingthatishappeningtotheEnglishlanguage.Itbecomesuglyandinaccuratebecauseourthoughtsarefoolish,buttheslovenlinessofourlanguagemakesiteasierforustohavefoolishthoughts.Thepointisthattheprocessisreversible.2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(40points)暖国的雨，向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。博识的人们觉得他单调，他自己也以为不幸否耶？江南的雪，可是滋润美艳之至了；那是还在隐约着的青春的消息，是极壮健的处子的皮肤。雪野中有雪红的宝珠山茶（camellias），白中隐青的单瓣梅花，深黄的磬口的腊梅花；雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。蝴蝶确乎没有；蜜蜂是否来采山茶华和腊梅花蜜，我可记不真切了。但我的眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中，有许多蜜蜂们忙碌地飞着，也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。孩子们呵着冻得通红的小手，七八个一齐来塑雪罗汉，罗汉塑得比孩子们高得多。PartTwoWriting1.Composition(50points)Itisuniversallyacceptedthatsocietybenefitsfromtheworkofitsmembers.Whichtypeofcontribution,thecontributionsofartiststosocietyorthecontributionsofscientiststosociety,doyouthink,isvaluedmorebyoursociety?Writeacompositionofabout400wordstostateyourviews.Usespecificreasonstosupportyourpointandsupplyanappropriatetitleforyourcomposition.第2页共3页2.Summary(20points)Readthefollowingpassageandsummarizeitscontentsin100—120words.Notethatyoumustnotcopycompletesentencesdirectlyfromtheoriginal.Failuretodosowouldincurdeductionofyourscores.Polarity,oractionandreaction,wemeetineverypartofnature:indarknessandlight;inheatandcold;intheebbandflowofwaters;inmaleandfemale;intheinspirationandexpirationofplantsandanimals;inthesystoleanddiastoleoftheheart;intheundulationsoffluids,andofsound;inthecentrifugalandcentripetalgravity;inelectricity,galvanism,andchemicalaffinity.Superinducemagnetismatoneendofaneedle;theoppositemagnetismtakesplaceattheotherend.Ifthesouthattracts,thenorthrepels.Toemptyhere,youmustcondensethere.Aninevitabledualismbisectsnature,sothateachthingisahalf,andsuggestsanotherthingtomakeitwhole:asspirit,matter;man,woman;subjective,objective;in,out;upper,under;motion,rest;yea,nay.Whilsttheworldisthusdual,soiseveryoneofitsparts.Theentiresystemofthingsgetsrepresentedineveryparticle.Thereissomewhatthatresemblestheebbandflowofthesea,dayandnight,manandwoman,inasingleneedleofthepine,inakernelofcorn,ineachindividualofeveryanimaltribe.Thereactionsograndintheelementsisrepeatedwithinthesesmallboundaries.Forexample,intheanimalkingdom,thephysiologisthasobservedthatnocreaturesarefavorites,butacertaincompensationbalanceseverygiftandeverydefect.Asurplusagegiventoonepartispaidoutofareductionfromanotherpartofthesamecreature.Iftheheadandneckareenlarged,thetrunkandextremitiesarecutshort.Thetheoryofthemechanicforcesisanotherexample.Whatwegaininpowerislostintime;andtheconverse.Theperiodicorcompensatingerrorsoftheplanetsisanotherinstance.Theinfluencesofclimateandsoilinpoliticalhistoryareanother.Thecoldclimateinvigorates.Thebarrensoildoesnotbreedfevers,crocodiles,tigersorscorpions.Thesamedualismunderliesthenatureandconditionofman.Everyexcesscausesadefect;everydefectanexcess.Everysweethathitssour;everyevilitsgood.Everyfacultywhichisareceiverofpleasurehasanequalpenaltyputonitsabuse.Itistoanswerforitsmoderationwithitslife.Foreverygrainofwitthereisagrainoffolly.Foreverythingyouhavemissed,youhavegainedsomethingelse;andforeverythingyougain,youlosesomething.Ifrichesincrease,theyareincreasedthatusethem.Ifthegatherergatherstoomuch,naturetakesoutofthemanwhatsheputsintohischest;swellstheestate,butkillstheowner.Naturehatesmonopoliesandexceptions.Thingsrefusetobemismanagedlong.Thoughnocheckstoanewevilappear,thechecksexistandwillappear.Ifthegovernmentiscruel,thegovernment’slifeisnotsafe.Ifyoutaxtoohigh,therevenuewillyieldnothing.Ifyoumakethecriminalcodesanguinaryjurieswillnotconvict.Nothingarbitrary,nothingartificialcanendure.第3页共3页