2012届步步高高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略课件：阅读理解3、观点态度类

三、观点态度类1.观点态度类题目的设题方式常见的观点态度类的题型有以下几种形式：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageto.(2)Theauthorinthispassageintendsto.(3)Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto.(4)Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?(5)What’sthepurposeofthetext?(6)Howdoestheauthorseemtofeelabout...?2.观点态度类阅读理解的备考策略观点态度类的题和了解文章大意有所不同，后者要知道文章的中心思想是什么；而前者是要知道作者为什么要写这篇文章。例如，一篇报导有关美国离婚内容的文章，其中心思想可能是高离婚率对美国社会、家庭、当事者以及他们子女的影响，而作者写这篇文章的目的却是引起社会的关注，或要人们对离婚持谨慎的态度。作者通常采用的论述方法有：(1)摆事实，讲道理，论证自己的观点。(2)只介绍和传递信息，并不发表自己的看法。(3)从多方面阐述意义或重要性。(4)分析某事物的危险性，并提出警告。(5)从多方面或多角度分析原因或因素。(6)用事实或数据进行生动形象地描写。(7)告知方法或做法等，且祈使句使用频率比较高。(8)阐明某项建议或解决方法的可行性。(9)作者对某一事物的看法，要么支持要么反对，带有立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。(10)漠不关心的词语一定不对，既然写文章就不会不关心。(11)不要把读者自己的态度揉入其中，要区分开作者和文章中人物的态度。(12)当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。(13)作者的观点一般与文章主旨相关联。实例透析1.(2011·重庆卷·C)Gettingridofdirt，intheopinionofmostpeople，isagoodthing.However，thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease，asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538，theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryⅣ，KingofFrance，wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath，thekingorderedthat，toavoidtheattackofdisease，thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong­lived，dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking，cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet，itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea：clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite，clothseversofter，surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt，however，gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst­timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt，whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary，MaryRuebush，anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.67.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tostresstheroleofdirt.B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.解析观点态度题。全文向我们呈现了不同时期人们对灰尘的不同观点。答案D2.(2011·福建卷·E)TheInternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景)，createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That，atleast，iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipwithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.NomatterhowhardtheInternettriestoputyouincommunication，itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.Theproblemistwofold(双重的).First，thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second，thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest(投入)inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhat’sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson，ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline(减弱)untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”.Thisisnot，ofcourse，tosaythattheInternetdoesn’tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld，butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomovetotheothersideoftheworld.Inonesense，that’sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethem，thencertainlyyouaren’tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn’tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother，facetoface.TheInternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend，butitwon’tstopthathappeningeventually.75.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseoftheInternettostrengthenrelationships?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heishopefulofit.C.Heapprovesofit.D.Hedoubtsit.解析观点态度题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了网络在人与人之间的交流方面并没有起到应有的作用，因此作者对网络在加强人与人之间关系方面持的是怀疑的态度，故D项正确。答案D考题印证A(2011·天津卷·D)Blindimitation(模仿)isself­destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth，imitationappearsattractive；tothosewhoknowtheirstrength，imitationisunacceptable.Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment，imitationishelpful.WhenIfirstlearnedtocook，Iusedrecipes(菜谱)andturnedoutsometastydishes.ButsoonIgrewbored.Whyfollowsomeoneelse’swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown?Imitatingrolemodelsislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild’sbicycle；theyhelpyougetgoing，butonceyoufindyourownbalance，youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem.Indailylife，imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously(下意识地)holdpoorrolemodels.If，asachild，youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad，youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid.Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself，youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers.Inthefieldofentertainment，ourcultureglorifiescelebrities.Thosestarslookgreatonsc