美国-外交

美国篇IsolationismInterventionism•Publicsentiments•Internationalevents•TheopinionsofAmericanstrategistsanddecisionmakersinterveneintheaffairsofanothernationaspartofitsforeignpolicyisolateone'scountryfromtheaffairsofothernationsandavoidforeignentanglementsandresponsibilities孤立主义干涉主义GeorgeWashingtonintroducedthepolicyinTheFarewellAddress,whichhadinfluencedAmericanforeignpoliciesforaverylongtime.“TheGreatruleofconductforus,inregardtoforeignNationsisinextendingourcommercialrelationstohavewiththemaslittlepoliticalconnectionaspossible.”Isolationism孤立主义In1823,the5thPresidentofAmericaJamesMonroeaddressedCongressanddeliveredamessagethatisnowcalledtheMonroeDoctrine.ItdiscussedthepositionoftheU.S.towardEuropeatatimewhenEuropewasindisarray.“EuropeanpowerswerenolongertocolonizeorinterferewiththeaffairsofthenewlyindependentnationsoftheAmericas.”MonroeDoctrine门罗主义ThreepointsoftheMonroeDoctrineNoEuropeanColonizationintheAmericas(美洲);NeutralityTowardEurope;NoEuropeanInterference.TheSpanish-AmericanWarAnavalpowerAnexpansionist扩张主义的erainAmericanforeignpolicywake-upcallTheSpanish-AmericanWarPhilippinesPuertoRicoGuamHawaiianIslandsImperialpower1stOpiumwar•TreatyofNanking•6millionsilverdollars2ndOpiumwar•TreatyofTientsin•TreatyofPeking•8millionsilverdollarsOpenDoorPolicyWhateverprivilegestheotherpowersenjoyed,theUnitedStatesshouldhaveanequalshare.EqualtraderightsforallnationsJohnMiltonHay门户开放政策InheritedtheOpenDoorpolicyStickinonehandandcarrotintheother胡萝卜加大棒UpdatedandstrengthenedtheMonroeDoctrineUSwouldresolvedisputesbetweenLatinAmericansandEuropeansTheodoreRooseveltRooseveltCorollary罗斯福推论•Thephrasecarrotandstickisametaphorfortheuseofacombinationofrewardandpunishmenttoinduceadesiredbehavior•Theideasometimesappearsasametaphorfortherealistconceptofhardpower•Thecarrotmightbeapromiseofeconomicaidfromonenationtoanother,thestickmightbeathreatofmilitaryaction.TheAlliedPowers协约国GreatBritainFranceRussiaItalyTheCentralPowers同盟国GermanyAustria-HungarianTurkeyBulgariaWorldWarIAmericaWorldWarI19141917ItwasAmerican’sinteresttostayawayfromthewarAfewpoliticianslikeRooseveltengagetheUnitedStatesinthewarGermanyWoodrowWilsoncampaignedagainstanyinvolvementinmilitaryaction,butwasunderever-greaterpressurestoparticipateinthewarFourteenPoints十四点计划outlineblueprintforpostwarsettlementofavarietyofissuesenvisionedaworldinwhichfreedomandself-determinationwouldeliminateimperialismandcolonialismChinaShangdongWilsonJapanBritainandFranceMay4thmovementinChinaTakebacksupportbackdownTheNeutralityAct•NottoentangleinEuropeanaffairs•Pursueself-interest中立法TheAxisPowersTheAlliedPowersPowersNaziGermanyFascistItalyImperialJapanGreatBritainFranceChinaTheSovietUnion轴心国同盟国WorldWarIItheWesternBloctheEasternBloctheUnitedStatesItsNATOalliesandotherstheSovietUnionanditssatellitestatesUnitedStatesSovietNationcapitalismcommunismWesternEuropeEasternEuropeColdWarKoreaandVietnamWWIIpassiveTrueleaderSuperpowerAmerica’positionColdWarTheOnlysuperpowerTheSovietUniondisintegratedAmericaneconomysustainedgrowthMoodofpeopleoptimisticconfidentself-assuredAlQaeda基地组织aninternationalterroristnetwork911TerroristAttackMilitantsfromAlQaedaattackedtheTwinTowersoftheWorldTradeCenterinNewYork,thePentagonnearWashingtonDC,anddownedanotherplaninPennsylvaniakillingnearly3,000people.FundamentallyalteredUSforeignpolicyCongressPatriotActIntelligenceTheDepartmentofHomelandSecuritywiderangeofpowerofsurveillanceathomeandabroademployed170,000people2resolutionsPresidentusearmedforcesagainsttheterroristsandagainstIraqal-QaedaBinLadenTalibanAfghanistanfundamentalistpoliticalmovementinAfghanistanBushDoctrineUnilateralismPreemptionRegimechangeUnilateralism单边主义one-sidedactionApoliceoftakingactionsindisregardforotherparties,orasanexpressionofacommitmenttowardadirectionwhichotherpartiesmayfinddisagreeablePreemption先发制人USdeterminesthatacountryhasacquiredorproducedweaponsofmassdestructionorhasthepotentialtopossesssuchweapons,theUSshoulduseforcetoremovethisthreattoUSsecurityandshouldnotwaittillthedangerbecomesimminentoruntiltheUsisattacked.Regimechange政权更迭thereplacementofonegovernmentregimewithanotherSaddamRegimeWeaponsofMassDestructionAl-QaedaWaronIraqOnforeignpolicy,thegoalsetbyPresidentObamawere,to“re-establishAmerica’sstandingintheworld;createdialogwithfriends,partnersandadversariesbasedonmutualrespect;andworktogetherinbuildingpartnership.”AmericaEuropeanallies•TheLondonG20FinancialSummit•TheNATOSummit•TheUS-EuropeanSummitChinaRussiaMuslinSTARTAmericawilllead;Exportofdemocracywillcontinue;Militarystrengthanduseofforceareimportant.ChangesaretacticalinnaturegoalsareunchangedThanks