研究生土木工程专业英语词汇

1专业英语WordsandPhrases********************************************1.IntroductiontoReinforcedConcreteDesign1.1Concrete,Reinforcedconcrete,andPrestressedConcrete********************************************concrete,reinforcedconcrete,prestressedconcrete混凝土，钢筋混凝土，预应力混凝土cement,aggregate,sand,gravel水泥，骨料，砂砾，石砾fineaggregate,coarseaggregate细骨料，粗骨料harden(v.),hardening(n.)硬化的动词与名词形式form模板，文中也有用于指结构的“形式”member(beam/column/arch),structure(building/bridge/dam/tank/reservoir),system/form构件(梁／柱／拱)，结构（建筑／桥梁／大坝／容器／蓄水池），结构体系consistof,consistchieflyof…(Page10),consistchieflyof…(Page12)构成，主要由…构成的两种说法workability,formability和易性，易成形性reinforcingsteel,reinforcement,steelrod不同语境，钢筋的几种表达法bar/rod,wire,strand,cable钢筋，钢线，钢绞线，索Admixture添加剂highearlystrengthcement,plasticizer,air-entrainingagent早强水泥，加塑剂，加气剂curing养护humidityandtemperature湿度与温度awiderangeofproperties,awidevarietyofproperties许多特性********************************************toaverysubstantialdegree,toaverysignificantextent很大程度上，很重要程度上2thoroughness彻底性placeintheforms,bedepositedandmadetofillforms浇注于模板中substandardconcrete,highearlystrengthconcrete,high-strengthconcrete,ordinaryconcrete次品混凝土，早强混凝土，高强混凝土，普通混凝土proportioning,mixing,placing,curing配比，混合，浇注，养护fireresistance,weatherresistance抗火性，耐候性evidentadvantage显而易见的优点withthe(possible)exceptionof…(cement)(可能)例外的是…，除了…可能有例外，atlowcost以较低的价格constructionsite施工场地compressivestrength/stress/strain,tensilestrength/stress/strain,flexurecompressiveforce,tensileforce,bendingmoment,shearforce,torsioncompression,tension,bending,shear,torsion拉压弯剪扭的几种形式besubjectto…(loads),carry…(load)承受…(荷载)，主动与被动两种用法crosssection横截面********************************************tooffsetthislimitation为了克服这一限制toreinforce(v.)concrete以加强混凝土carryingcapacityofthemember构件的承载力interlocking(n.),interlock(v.)咬和的名词与动词形式strength,stiffness,ductility强度，刚度，延性********************************************yieldstrength,representativevalue屈服强度，代表值3longspan大跨deformation,deflection,crack,corrosion变形，挠度，裂缝，腐蚀moisture,humidity潮湿，湿度Thislimits(v.)…,Therearelimits(n.)to…这就限制了…，在…方面有所限制********************************************1.2Structuralforms********************************************monolithic整体的，单块的flaredcolumntop柱帽foldedplateroof,cylindercellroof波浪板式屋顶，圆柱壳形屋顶beam,girder梁，(托)梁(钢结构中多会用到)behavior,performance一般来说，(构件的)特性，(结构的)性能cable-stayedbridge,suspensionbridge斜拉桥，悬索桥one-dimensional,two-dimensional,three-dimensional(a.)一维的，二维的(有时写为2D)，三维的(有时写为3D)********************************************1.3Loads********************************************…bedividedinto…categories…分为…类deadload,liveload,environmentalload,suspendedload恒载，活载，环境荷载，吊挂荷载magnitude,location,distribution(荷载的)幅值，作用位置，分布theweightofthestructure结构的自重withgoodaccuracy,withprecision准确的，精确的********************************************Floor,roof,slab,ceiling4楼面,屋顶，楼板，天花板…bespecifiedinthebuildingcode…在规范中有具体规定uniformlydistributedload/uniformload,concentratedload均布荷载，集中荷载minimumload,minimumvalue,averagevalue,meanvalue最小荷载，最小值，平均值，均值（概率论及随机）onthepremisethat…在…的前提下table(n.),tabulated表格，制表********************************************Snowload,windload(includingwindpressureandsuction),earthquakeeffect(sometimesearthquakeload),soilpressure,repairload雪荷载，风荷载(包括风压力与风吸力)，地震作用(有时仍见到“地震荷载”这一说法)，土压力，检修荷载temperaturedifferential温度差异forinstance/forexample举例来说togivemuchmoredetailedinformation给出更相信的信息upperlimit,lowerlimit上限，下限…summarize……总结为……informationpertainingto…关于…的信息horizontalforce,lateralload水平力，横向荷载heightofthestructure,importanceofthestructure结构的高度，结构的重要性toaccountfor…解释了…elastic,inelastic弹性，弹塑性（有时用elasto-plastic）staticanalysis,dynamicanalysis静力分析，动力分析(ground,floor)acceleration,velocity,displacement(地面，楼板)加速度，速度，位移mass,stiffness,damping5质量，刚度，阻尼baseshear基底剪力soilcondition,theconditionofthesite土壤条件，场地土条件********************************************1.4Serviceability,strength,andstructuralsafety********************************************safety,serviceability,durability安全性，适用性，耐久性collapse倒塌…,ifany,……,如果有(的话),…tolerablelimits允许误差bepredictedaccurately准确的预计differfrom…,bedifferentfrom…与…不同的两种形式assumption,simplification假定，简化progresshasbeenmadetoward…在…方面的进展randomvariable,probabilitymodel,probabilitydensityfunction,statisticdata,meanvalue随机变量，概率模型，概率密度函数，统计量，均值abscissa,horizontalaxis横坐标，水平坐标轴shadedarea阴影面积aplotof…mayappearasinFig.1,…isshowninFig.1…图如图1所示，…如图1所示belessthan…小于或少于whereais…,bis…,andcis…/inwhichais…,bis…,andcis…（此句一般跟于公式下面）该式中a是…,b是…,c是…。********************************************1.5Designbasis********************************************resist…load/force6抗…荷载/力margin,marginofsafety富余，安全余度thelifeofthestructure/thelifetimeofthestructure结构的寿命withoutfailure,closetofailure,atfailure不破坏，接近破坏，破坏时strengthdesign,allowablestress,serviceloaddesign强度设计，许用应力法，服务荷载设计nonlinear,inelastic非线性，弹塑性initialelasticrange,initialelasticstate初始弹性区，初始弹性状态elasticdomain,yielddomain弹性范围，屈服范围nominalstrength名义强度acceptablevalue许用值serviceability,workability适用性，和易行resultfrom…由…得来withinspecifiedlimits在规定限值内aslongas…只要…inelasticstress-strainbehavior,inelasticstress-strainrelationship弹塑性应力-应变特性，