vingnbspasnbspadverbialnbsp现在分词做状语1 (2)

ThePresentParticipleasAdverbial（现在分词做状语）-ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone-ing分词的否定形式是由not加-ing分词构成。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。-ing分词的一般式和完成式：-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。-ing分词的被动式-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被动式(havingbeendone)。如：Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。现在分词作状语-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when,while引出。如：Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。。-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Beingsoexcited,Manyofuscouldn’tgotosleepthatnight.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着–ing分词短语作结果状语。如：Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,makingitthemostpopularsong.-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。独立成分：有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假设),judgingfrom(从…判断),talkingof（谈到),speakingof（谈到）等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?Afterheheardastrongsound,hewentoutoftheroomforalook.=Hearingastrangesound,hewentoutof….Asthegirlwasseriouslyill,shewastakentohospitalimmediately.Beingseriouslyill,thegirlwastakento….be-beingAsshedidn’tknowanyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.NotknowinganyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.Consolidation1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake3.”Can’tyouread?”Marysaid______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing4.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5．Themissingsingerwaslastseen____thevoiceclosetothebridge．A．exercisingB．tobeexercisingC．exerciseD．toexercise6.Thedirectorsdiscussedtheprojectthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear．A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryout7.__________theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading9.________fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge10.________fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblame11.Wesleptwiththelight________allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burning12.________hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.Whensheheard