非谓语动词和独立主格2

语法专题非谓语动词事先预习新概念P238-241Unit6Non-finiteVerbs非谓语动词非谓语动词：不能做句子谓语,而是担任其他句法功能的动词形式.不定式过去分词-ing形式不定式和动词的-ing形式，在句中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。动词的-ed形式(过去分词）只是起形容词和副词的作用，只可以充当表语、补语、定语和状语。做主语(1)Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.(2)复合结构：ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.It’skindofhimtohelpthedisabled.Tom’scomingbackisasurprisetous.(3)与wh疑问词连用做主语时谓语多为单数形式Therearemanykeyuniversities.Whichtochoose_____uptoyou.(4)固定搭配It’snouse/nogood/oflittleuse/oflittlegooddoingsomethingisPractice(1)Itiseveryone'sduty_______(obey)law.(2)Itisnogood_______(learn)withoutpractice.学而不用没有什么好处的。(3)Itispossibleforus_______(learn)Englishwellaslongasweworkhardatit.(4)______(live)inBeijingistheheightofTom’sambition.tolearntoobeylearningTolive(6)Itisveryconsiderate_____youtohelpme.(7)Itisclever_____youtosolvetheproblem.(8)Itispossible_____ustoprotecttheenvironmentwell.ofoffor(5)覆水难收。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.不定式过去分词-ing形式作表语时的区别不定式作表语(1)一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.一次做两件事等于未做。(2)对主语的内容进行补充说明WhatIsuggestistostartworkatonce.Mywishistobeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.请注意：这时句子的主语通常是aim,purpose,hope,wish,idea,problem,thing,plan,duty,和以what引导的主语从句。2、动词的-ing形式（现在分词）作表语(1)表示抽象的一般性的行为。Ourworkis_______(serve)thepeople.(2)说明主语的特征和性质:“令人……的”Travellingisinterestingbut_______(tire).旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。(3)请比较：ThoughIwas_____(tire)Iwasstillinterestedinit.结论：动词的-ed形式（过去分词）作表语，表述主语所处之状态;形容人“感到……的”。servingtiringtired作宾语时的区别不定式-ing形式要求后接动词不定式做宾语的动词有：P239---1(3)另加：learn,choose,decide,manage,offer,demand,arrange1.Idon’twant______(know)anythingabouthim.2.Theboypretended___________(study)hardwhenhismothercamein.3.Hepretendednot____________me.toknowtobestudyingtohaveseen1.不定式符号to的保留与否问题1）介词but或者except后跟不定式做宾语，且but或except前面的句中有动词do的任何形式时，不定式符号to要省略TherewasnothingIcoulddobut_______(wait)Therewasnochoicebut_______(wait)waittowait2）为了避免重复，可用to来代替前面出现过的不定式。这种现象在动词expect,prefer,care,mean,forget,want,wish,hope,try和beglad，behappy,wouldlike/love等词后。----Wewillgopicnicthisweekend.Wouldyouliketogowithus?----I’dloveto,butIhavebeentoobusythesedays.----Ihopeto,buteverythingdepends.Page239-42.不定式作宾语又有自己的补足语时，一定要采用形式宾语it而将真实宾语放在宾补之后。1.Ifind______difficulttosettleandcalmdowninthehidingplace.2.Weconsideritnormal_______(feel)nervousbeforeanexam.3.Ithinkitnecessaryforustostudysomegrammarrules.ittofeel要求后接动词-ing形式做宾语的动词有：P240(3)另加：deny,excuse,miss,allow,escape,keep,postpone,can’thelp,objectto,payattentionto,devoteto,contributeto,beusedto1.Doyoumindme/my_______(open)thewindow?2.Nooneenjoys___________(make)funofinpublic.openingbeingmade可接动词-ing或不定式做宾语，且意义相近的动词是：continue,begin,start,cease(停止，终止）,like,love,prefer,hate…beworthytobedone/beworthyofbeingdoneHepreferred_______________(stay)abroad.Duringtheflood,thereoccurredalotofthingsthatwereworthy________________(mention)tostay/stayingtobementioned/beingmentionedAttention1.当句子主语为物,need,require,want后接宾语，此时，v-ing的主动形式和不定式的被动形式表达一样的意思。2.动词allow,permit,advise,forbid后面直接跟动词ing形式作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语1.Theshirtneeds/requires/wants___________________(wash)2.Headvisedusnottopermit_______(smoke)intheoffice.washing/tobewashedsmoking1.I’msorry,dear.Ididn’tmean______(hurt)you.2.Losingheartmeans_______(lose)everything.tohurtlosing虽可接动词-ing形式，也可接动词不定式做宾语，但句子意思完全不同的动词[P240—3—(1)]动词接动名词含义接不定式含义stopgoonrememberforgetregrettrymean停止做某事停下来去做某事继续做同一事继续做另一件事记得曾做某事记住去做某事忘了曾做某事忘了去做某事对过去的事情后悔对未来的事表遗憾试着做某事努力做某事意味着有…意图1.Oncethevillagersknewthetruth,theydidn’tpermit____________(damage)thesoilanymore.2.Doyouknowthedifficultyhehad__________(support)thefamily?3.Whenandhowtostartthesurvey__________________________(decide)yet.4.Iwillalwaysremember______________________(spend)thehappydaysherewithyouall.5.We’vegotsousedto_________(keep)ourair-conditioninggoingaroundtheclock.6.Iregarditnaturalforyoungpeople_________(be)criticaloftheirparentsattimesdamagingsupportingspending/havingspentkeepingtobe不定式过去分词-ing形式作宾补的用法与区别接不定式做宾补的常用动词：advise,allow,ask,beg,bear(忍受某人做某事),command,order,drive(驱使)，encourage,expect,invite,persuade,teach,want,tell,require,request…Heencouragedpeopletousethingsmadebyrecyclablematerials.他鼓励大家使用可回收(recyclable)材料制作的物品。【被动形式】Peopleareencouragedtousethingsmadebyrecyclablematerials.请注意下列动词的用法：(1)感官动词：see/hear/feel/find/observe/lookat/listento后接动词原形做宾补:IknewhimbecauseIhadseenhim______(grow)upfromchildhood.但句子变为被动语态时，要将被省略的to补上Hewasseen_______(grow)upfromchildhood.(2)使役动词：have,make,let,gethave/let/makesb.dosth.=getsb.todosth.havesb.doingsth.have/getsth.donehavesth.todo让某人做某事让某人一直做某事让某事被（别人）做有些事要做（亲自做）growtogrowPractice•Onewaytosavewaterisnottoleavethewater_______(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.•Ihavethreeletters________(write).•Hespokeloudersoastomakehimself________(hear).•You’vehadit_________(explain)indetails.•Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheiscaught________(smoke)inthekitchen.runningtowriteexplainedsmokingheard不定式过去分词-ing形式作定语1.不定式作定语：1.Wehavecomfortabledormitories_________(居住).2、Hehadnoplace______(居住).3.Thiscompanywasthefirst____________(produce)portableradios.4.Heisthebestman______(do)thejob.5.Hisability_________(make)theprog