生态阈值研究进展

27120071ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.27,No.1Jan.,2007:(20012BA611B202203A):2005211225;:2006207209:(1978),,,,.E2mail:[e-mail]3Correspondingauthor.E2mail:[e-mail]:DanielBrownFoundationitem:TheprojectwasfinanciallysupportedbyNationalKeyProjectofScienceandTechnology(No.20012BA611B202203A)Receiveddate:2005211225;Accepteddate:2006207209Biography:ZhaoHuixia,Ph.D.candidate,mainlyengagedinclimatechangeandregionalresponse.E2mail:[e-mail]1,2,1,3,1(1.,100101;2.,100039):,:(ecologicalthresholdpoint)(ecologicalthresholdzone),,,,,,,,,:;;:100020933(2007)0120338208:Q142,Q148:AReviewonrecentadvancesinecologicalthresholdresearchZhaoHuixia1,2,WuShaohong1,3,JiangLuguang11InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China2GraduateSchoolofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039,ChinaActaEcologicaSinica,2007,27(1):03380345.Abstract:Anecologicalthresholdreferstoapointorzoneintherelationshipbetweentwoormoreecologicalvariablesatwhichrelativelyabruptchangeoccursfromoneecologicalconditiontoanotherinanecosystem.Theimpetusforthischangecomesfromasmalladditionalchangeinoneormorekeyfactors.Ecologicalthresholdsareubiquitousinnaturalecosystems.Therearetwomaintypesofecologicalthresholdsthatcantheoreticallyoccurinnaturalsystems,ecologicalthresholdpointandecologicalthresholdzone.Theattributes,functionorprocessofanecosystemwillchangeabruptlyaroundthepoint2typethreshold.Zone2typeecologicalthresholdsimplyamoregradualshiftortransitionfromonestatetoanother,ratherthananabruptchangeataspecificpointintime,assuggestedinpoint2typethreshold.Zone2typeecologicalthresholdsareprobablymorecommoninnaturethanpoint2typethresholds.Researchonecologicalthresholdshasimportanttheoreticalandpracticalmeaningsfornaturalresourcesconservationandsustainableecosystemmanagement,whichhavebeenthehighlightsinecologyandrelatedareas.Alotofresearchonecologicalthresholdhasbeencarriedoutinforest,grassland,lakeandoceanecosystemsfordifferentecologicalfactorsandfromdifferentpointsofview.Thereisstillgreatuncertaintyaboutthenatureofecologicalthresholdsandhowtheyarerelatedindifferentspatialscales.Moresyntheticandquantitativestudyisneededtoimprovetheabilityofapplyingknowledgeofecologicalthresholdsinecosystemmanagement.Muchprogressandresearchwillbemadeintheareasofglobalchangeandecologicalresponses.KeyWords:ecologicalthreshold;reriew;ecosystemmanagment,[1]19,,,2070Robert,(thresholdsandbreakpoints)[2],30,,[35],1994,Andren[6],WoodrowWilson20022003,[711],,,,,?[12,13],,1,,(ResilienceAlliance)(bifurcation),,[14]Friedel(boundaries)[15]Muradian,[16],Wiens(regionorzone),[17],,[18]:,(alternativestates),BennettRadford,,,,[19],,2[20]:(EcologicalThresholdPoint)(EcologicalThresholdZone),Hanski,,,(1)[2124][25],,Muradian5[26](2,),,9331:[26,27]Wiens[17],,[28],[29,30],,,,,,,,,[17,31],,,,,,1[23]Fig.1Theextinctionthreshold[23],Iftheamountofhabitatremainingfallsbelowthethreshold,theprobabilityofsurvivalspeciesdecreasesmarkedly2[1]Fig.2Ahypotheticalecologicalthresholdzone[1]T1T2(S1,S2)ThezonebetweenT1andT2representatransitionalthresholdzonebetweenstateS1andstateS233.1,[3235][36,37],[3841],[39],WardThornton[42],,,30%,30%,,,[43],Radford,10%,,,,[39]Drinnan[38],,,,3.2Walker[28]04327,,[3](Redundancyspecieshypothesis)(Rivethypothesis)(Idiosyncraticresponsehypothesis)(Nullhypothesis)[44],,[28,45,46],,,,,,,[47],,,,,[46,48]EhrlichWalker[49],,1994Naeem[50],3,,CO2,Tilman[51][52,53],[54],,,,,3.3,,,,,,,[13]()(),,,,,,,,,[55],,,,,,,,,,,,[5662],,,,CO2,Taub[63]Faria[64],CO2,1431:,,,Bachelet[12](MAPSS)(MC1),4.5,,,,,,,3.4,Noy2Meir[65],,,,5%,,,5%[66],[67],[68],,,,(+)2.67/hm2,,2.67/hm2,Cooper[69],,,,,,[11],,,,[9],4,,,,,4.1,,,,,,,,,,,[66,70,71],4.2,,,,,,4.3CO2,,,24327(UNFCCC),,,,,,References:[1]AndrewJHuggett.Theconceptandutilityofecologicalthresholdsinbiodiversityconservation.BiologicalConservation,2005,124:301310.[2]MayRM.Thresholdsandbreakpointsinecosystemswithamultiplicityofstablestates.Nature,1977,269:471477.[3]PerringsC,OpschoorH.Thelossofbiologicaldiversity:somepolicyimplications.EnvironmentalResearchEcology,1994,4:111.[4]RobertEKohn.Thresholdsandcomplementaritiesinaneconomicmodelofpreservingandconservingbiodiversity.Socio2EconomicPlanningSciences,1999,33:151172.[5]MarkE,EiswerthJ.ChristopherHaney.Maximizingconservedbiodiversity:whyecosystemindicatorsandthresholdsmatter.EcologicalEconomics,2001,38:259274.[6]AndrenH.Effectsofhabitatfragmentationonbirdsandmammalsinlandscapeswithdifferentproportionsofsuitablehabitat:areview.Oikos,1994,71:355366.[7]SoltaniaA,KhooiebFR,Ghassemi2GolezanibK,etal.Thresholdsforchickpealeafexpansionandtranspirationresponsetosoilwater.FieldCropsResearch,2000,68:205210.[8]MitchellRAC,MitchellVJ,LawlorDW.ResponseofwheatcanopyCO2andwatergasexchangetosoilwatercontentunderambientandelevatedCO2.GlobalChangeBiology,2001,7:599611.[9]LuoYQ,SongGW,LiuRG.Preliminarystudyonecologicalthresholdofpoplarlongicornbeetle.JournalofBeijingForestryUniversity,1999,21(6):4651.[10]XuZZ,ZhouGS,WangYH.WaterThresholdofPlantandGlobalChange.JournalofSo