仁爱初中英语宾语从句

宾语从句一、考点、热点回顾（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.注意：①在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时从句谓语动词尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式（又叫否定前移）。例：Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)②在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例：Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.特殊情况：①当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为”引导词＋doyouthink＋陈述句语序”。②当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.③当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.④由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。例：Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.Icon’tknowwhattodonext.Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.Hedidn’tknowwheretolive.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether不用if例如：Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.例如：Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时统称为过去时态）。一般现在时态————一般过去时态现在进行时态————过去进行时态一般将来时态————过去将来时态现在完成时态————过去完成时态一般过去时态————一般过去时态（句中有明显的一般过去时态的标志词时）/过去完成时态例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.(四)宾语从句的人称：一随主，二随宾（如主句没有第三人称，就改为第一人称），第三人称不更新。解析：1、如果从句的主语是第一人称，合成宾语从句后，人称与主句的主语保持一致。2、如从句的主语是第二人称，合成宾语从句后，人称与主句的宾语保持一致，如果主句没有宾语，就改为第二人称。3、第三人称不用变化。二、典型例题【活学活用】（一）、用合适的连接词填空1.WangHaitoldme_____hedidn’tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.(howwhy)2.Canyoutellme______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday(whowhom)3.Shesaid_____itwouldn’tmattermuch.(thatif)4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.(howwho)5.Ireallydon’tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlonghowsoon)6.Theydon’tknow_______wearegoinghiking.7.Shewantedtoknow_______hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.9.Idon’tknow______somanypeoplecrowdingroundhim10.Doyouknow______shirtitis（二）、句型转换1.WhendoesthetrainarrivePleasetellme.(改为宾语从句)→Pleasetellme__________________________________.2.Whatdoeshedo?Doyouknow?(改为宾语从句)→Doyouknow_______he_______3.DotheywantfriedchickenHeaskedtheboys.(改为宾语从句)→Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.4.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai.Idon’tknow.(改为宾语从句)→Idon’tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.5.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew”Tomsmotheraskedhim.(同义句)→Tomsmotheraskedhim_____________________totrysomethingnew.6.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.(改为否定句)→I_______________this________agoodidea.7.Lucyhasn’tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.(改为复合句)→Lucyhasn’tdecided________________________________buy.8.Idon’tknowhowIcangettothehospital.(改为简单句)→Idon’tknow________________________tothehospital.（三）、【中考链接】1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit2.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_____IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?--Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A.whereB.howC.ifD.why3.—Doyouknow________thenewmobilephonelastweek?--Maybe900yuan.I’mnotquitesure.A.howmuchshepaidforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchdidshepayfor4.MichaelJordanhasfailedoverandoveragaininhislife.Andthat’s____hesucceeds.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.where5.AliceinWonderlandisafantasticmovie.It’sabout______.A.howdidAliceendtheRedQueen’sreignofterror（恐怖统治）B.whatdidAliceendtheRedQueen’sreignofterrorC.howAliceendedtheRedQueen’sreignofterrorD.whatAliceendedtheRedQueen’sreignofterror6.—Doyouknow________thegirlinredis?—I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what7.—Whatdidyourparentsthankaboutyourdecision?--Theyalwaysletmedo_______IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what8.Iwanttoknow________.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat9.--Wouldyoupleasetellme__________?At10:00thisevening.A.whenwillthetrainleaveB.whenthetrainwillleaveC.whendoesthetrainleave10.—Couldyoutellme________?--FillinthisformandIwillgi