雅典民主政治的危机与民主信仰的重塑_晏绍祥

201211CollectedPapersofHistoryStudiesJan．2012No.12011－06－15。··。。“”。。、“”。。。。。、。100089、5。。。5、、4。。。。。。54。105000303、、。。。。30。①。431。“。。。”②“”。500490480478。、、。。。430。424。415。。2。411。406。405。。。。“。。、”③420《》“。”④。。4①②③④M．I．FinleyPoliticsintheAncientWorldCambridgeCambridgeUniversityPress1983p.74．《》2005379。。。。《》232－233。TheOldOligarchTheConstitutionoftheAthenians1－3inXenophonScriptaMinoraLoebClassicalLibraryCambridgeHarvardUniversityPress2000．。、。。①420。②。411。。。41310。③400。5000。5000。“”。。403。。“”。④。。5。。413。。“”“”⑤6。“”。⑥5①②③④⑤⑥《》2004547。。MartinOstwaldFromPopularSovereigntytotheSovereigntyofLawBerkeleyandLosAngelesUniversityofCaliforniaPress1986pp.358－364．MartinOstwaldFromPopularSovereigntytotheSovereigntyofLawpp.338－340．《》147。XenophonHellenicaCambridgeHarvardUniversityPress20031712．MartinOstwaldFromPopularSovereigntytotheSovereigntyofLawp.434．27。。。403。Thra-sybulus、Archinus4。。。。①。。。。5、。“。”②“”。。5。406。。。500。。。。4400/399。。。。、10005。③6①②③、《》199943－44。《》44－45。DemosthenesAgainstTimocratesCambridgeHarvardUniversityPress1998pp.20－23．。。①。5。thesophists5。。。、。430。411404399。。。。②。4。③54“、”④。80。TheCrisisofAthenianDemocracyandtheReconstructionofFaithYANShao－xiangSchoolofHistoryCapitalNormalUniversityBeijing100089ChinaAbstractTheAtheniandemocracybasedonthepopularsovereigntyandwideparticipationinthestatead-ministrationprosperedinthefifthcenturyB．CandAthensbecamethepoliticalandculturalcenteroftheGreekworld．Buttheriseofpopularsovereigntyalsocausedtensionsbetweendemocracyandtheruleoflaw．A-thenianfinaldisasterinthePeloponnesianWarandthewealthyrevoltagainstdemocracychallengedthebasicfaithofdemocracyseriously．WhendemocracywasreestablishedattheendofthefifthcenturyB．C．thedem-ocratssucceededinreconciliatingcitizensestablishingtheruleoflawandrectifyingtheintellectualfield．Fi-nallythefaithindemocracywasconsolidatedanditensuredthestabilityofAthensinthefourthcenturyB．C．KeywordsAthenchallengesfaithreconstruction7①②③④DemosthenesAgainstLeptinesCambridgeHarvardUniversityPress1998pp.89－99．。M．I．FinleyAspectsofAntiquity2nded．LondonthePenguinGroup1977pp.60－74。4。MartinOstwaldFromPopularSovereigntytotheSovereigntyofLawp.524．