循环流化床锅炉毕业设计部分

本科毕业设计20t/h循环流化床设计ThedesignofCFB20t/hboiler学院名称：能源与动力工程学院专业班级：学生姓名：指导教师姓名：指导教师职称：2013年6月20t/h循环流化床毕业设计1I20t/h循环流化床设计摘要近年来，随着能源设备的发展和利用，特别是锅炉这种将工质加热到一定的温度和压力的能源设备广泛应用，给环境造成了严重污染。尤其是以煤为主要燃料的锅炉燃烧排放出大量的灰渣、粉尘、二氧化硫和氮的氧化物等污染物，严重影响了生态环境。又由于煤、石油等化石燃料的不断开采而日渐枯竭，人们一直在努力寻找一种高效、低污染的燃烧方式以解决以上两个问题。我国在上世纪80年代初期开始研究开发循环流化床燃烧技术,鉴于CFB锅炉的优点和我国环境排放标准的日益严格,极大地推动了循环流化床燃烧技术的推广和发展。本次设计为75吨/时循环流化床锅炉,属于中压自然循环锅炉。在整个设计过程中，进行了无脱硫工况，脱硫工况的燃料消耗量和燃烧烟气的计算。主要计算有热力计算，强度计算和烟风阻力计算以及回料器设计计算，旋风分离器的设计计算。其中热力计算包括炉膛、高温过热器、低温过热器、省煤器以及空气预热器的计算。旋风分离器选用一个绝热旋风分离器。鉴于该锅炉为中压锅炉，采用钢管式省煤器。空气预热器采用管式空气预热器。利用CAD,完成了锅炉总图、本体图、炉墙砖砌图、锅筒展开图。关键词:循环流化床锅炉热力计算强度计算烟风阻力计算20t/h循环流化床毕业设计IIThedesignofCFB20t/hboilerAbstractrecentyears，alongwiththeextensiveapplicationoftheenergyequipments,boiler－thiskindofenergyequipmentthatheatstheworktoacertaintemperatureandthepressurealsobesubjectedtoavalue.Thewidelyuseoftheequipmentscausedseriouspollutiontotheenvironment.Especiallycoalasthemainfueloftheboilercombustion,thatemitlargeamountsofash,dust,sulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidepollutants,suchcausedaseriousimpactontheecologicalenvironment.Furthermoreascoal,oilandotherfossilfuelscontinuedtominedandthedepletion.IthasbeenstrugglingtofindanefficientandCleanerburningmethodtosolvetheaboveissues.Intheearly1980s,Chinabegantoresearchanddevelopment(R&D)thecirculatingfluidizedbedcombustiontechnology.GiventheadvantagesofCFBboilersaswellasourenvironmentalemissionsstandardsincreasinglystrictyearbyyear,greatimpetushastothecirculatingfluidizedbedcombustiontechnology.ThetopicthatthegraduationofthistimedesignistheCFBwhichis75t/h,belongingtothemiddletypepressure&naturalcirculationboiler。Throughoutthedesignprocess，Ihadmadeacalculationaboutthewithoutdesulfurizationconditions,thestatusofthedesulfurizationoffuelconsumptionandcombustionfluegas.Themaincalculatingconcludethermodynamiccalculation,strengthcalculation,thesmokeandwindresistancecalculation,thedesigneoftheretunelegandthecyclone.Thermodynamiccalculationswhichincludethefurnaceandhigh-temperaturesuperheater,low-superheaterandeconomizerandairpreheatercalculations.Cyclonechooseanadiabaticcyclone.Inviewofthemedium-pressureboilerofthisboiler,chosingpipe-economizerwhileairPreheaterusingthetubetypeairpreheater.Keywords:CFBthermodynamiccalculationsstrengthcalculationsmoke&windresistancecalculation20t/h循环流化床毕业设计III目录摘要..............................................................................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................................................................II第一章绪论.........................................................................1第二章循环流化床锅炉的结构......................................................................................................32.1方案论证..............................................................................................................................................42.2总体设计...............................................................................................................................................42.3锅炉其它结构...................................................................................................................................52.4本章小结..............................................................................................................................................6第三章热力计算..........................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.1设计任务..............................................................................................................................................73.1燃料特性..............................................................................................................................................73.3炉膛结构设计及热力计算....................................................................................................213.4高温过热器设计...........................................................................................................................293.5低温过过热器设计.....................................................................................................................343.6省煤器设计......................................................................................................................................373.7空气预热器结构及传热计算...............................................................................................423.8热力计算结果汇总表................................................................................................................463.9本章小结..............................................................................................................................................47第四章旋风分离器及回料器设计计算................................................................................494.1炉膛风室阻力计算.......................................................................................................................484.2