高中英语语法--虚拟语气课件人教版必修五.ppt

1SubjunctiveMood2虚拟语气用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或是与事实相反的假设。虚拟语气通常用在下列情况。(一)用于虚拟条件句中1.其主从句的谓语动词形式如下表：3从句主句与现在事实相反谓语动词用--谓语动词用--与过去事实相反谓语动词用--谓语动词用--与将来事实相反谓语动词用--谓语动词用--1)did2)be动词用wereshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+have+done1)did/were2)should/could+动动词原形3)weretodohad+done41)Ifeveryoneinthecountry_____(know)firstaid,manylives______________(save).(与现在事实相反)2)Ifthehurricane_____________(happen)duringtheday-time,there_______________(be)moredeaths.(与过去事实相反)3)Ifit___________(rain)tomorrow,we____________(notgo)out.(与将来事实相反)knewwouldbesavedhadhappenedwouldhavebeenweretorainshouldnotgo52．虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装当虚拟条件句中有动词were,had,should时可将if省去,而将were，had，should提到主语之前,形成省略倒装。1)_____ittoraintomorrow，weshouldnotgoout.2)____itnotrainedyesterday,hewouldhavecometotheparty.3)_______therebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?WereHadShould63.有时假设情况是通过一个介词短语来表示用without/butfor;or/orelse代替if从句。Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.＝Ifhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.therehadn’tbeenwehadn’tgotithadnotbeenfor74.混合时间条件句与主句条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后,应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的形式。1)Ifthey___________(study)hard,theycould_________(do)iteasilynow.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。2)Ifhe_____________(take)myadvice,hewouldn't________itmuchbetterlikethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。hadstudieddohadnottakendo5.省略虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句情况1)Ifonlyhecouldcome!要是他能来就好了2)Sheshouldhavecometotheparty.她应该来参加聚会。3)Ifhehadmuchmoremoney.如果他有更多的钱就能...。6.句型Ifitwerenotfor...(=Wereitnotfor...)Ifithadn'tbeenfor…(=Haditnotbeenfor...)要不是...;如果不是...1)Ifithadn'tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboardwouldn'thavebeensaved.2)Ifitwerenotforhisrichparents,hecouldn'tlivesoeasyalife.(二)用于宾语从句中1.用在表命令，建议，要求等动词后的宾语从句中动词为suggest,demandrequest,desire,order,propose,insist,advise等,宾语从句中用谓语用(should)do/be…1)Iinsistedhe__________(go)toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing_______(be)wrongwithhim.2)Isuggestthatwe_____________ameetingnextweek.3)Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe______(be)ill.(should)gowas（should）holdis•表示现在的愿望：主语+did•表示过去的愿望：主语+had+done•表示将来的愿望：主语+would(could)+do1)IwishI____(be)abirdand________(fly)freely.2)IwishI_______thatfilmstaryesterday3)HowIwishwestudents______(have)morefreetimetorelaxourselves!werecouldflyhadmethad2.用在表愿望的动词wish和短语wouldrather后的宾语从句中124)Iwouldratheryou_________(remain)herenow.5)I’dratheryou___________(do)thatyesterday.remainedhadn’tdone1.用在表被命令，被建议，被要求等动词和一些形容词后的主语从句中(it是形式主语)用在Itisdesired/ordered/decided/requested/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/natural等之后的主语从句中，其谓语动词形式为(should）+do1)It’srequestedthattheplay_____________(put)onagain.2)It’snecessarythathe_______________(send)thereatonce.(三)用于主语从句中(should)beput(should)besent2.用在表惊讶,出乎意料等分词动词或些形容词后的主语从句中(it是形式主语)用在it’sstrange/apity/ashame/nowonder/surprising等之后的主语从句中，其谓语动词形式为should+do,should表示“竟然”,不可省1)It'sapitythatshe___________(miss)thechancetogoabroad.2)It'sstrangethathe_______________(notpass)theexam.shouldmissshouldn'tpass3.句型It’s(about/high)time(that)…该是…的时候了主语从句中谓语动词要用过去式或用should+do(should不可省略)It’stimeweshouldhavebreakfast.Itisabouttimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.It'shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment.(四)用于表语从和同位语从句中用在suggestion/order/advice/demand/proposal/request/requirement等之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.其谓语动词形式为(should)+do.1)Hissuggestionisthattheybesenttothepoorareaatonce.2)Hegivestheorderthatweshouldrememberallthegrammar.表语从句同位语从句(1)表现在用did或were(2)表过去用haddone1)Themanspeaksasifhe______(be)aforeigner.2)Theytalkedasifthey_________(be)goodfriendsforyears.3)Evenifhe______(be)here,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.(五)用于asif/asthough引导的状语从句中werehadbeenwereevenif/eventhough注:asif/asthough从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气.如果情况真实,就要用正常时态来描绘Itlooksasifit______________(rain).天看起来象要下雨.（下雨的可能性很大）isgoingtorain.(六)用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。