初中英语语法系列---宾语从句

Goodafternoon!MainlyRevisionObjectClauses宾语从句一．教学任务复习宾语从句二．教学重点1.宾语从句的概念2.宾语从句的引导词3.宾语从句中的语序4.宾语从句的时态变化三.教学难点1.if与whether的区别2.when与if引导的宾语从句和状语从句3.宾语从句与简单句的互换Weknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o简单句复合句一什么是宾语从句？试比较DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut(宇航员)?Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone.Idon’tknowifhewillcometonight.Let’sfindoutwhat’sontonight.FindouttheObjectClausesWeareproudofthatBeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.2.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。e.g.1)Doyouknowwhosebookitis?（谁的，作定语）2)Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（为什么，作状语）3)Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（谁，作主语）注：that在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。e.g.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句二.宾语从句的引导词3.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.Theydidn’tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.if/whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。if/whether可互换,但whether…ornot为固定搭配.看一看：Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.Ifitrains,I’llstayathome.Iwanttoknowwhenhewillcomeback.Whenhecomesback,pleasetellme.想一想：when和if可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？when和if既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现的原则。If与whether的区别1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whetherHelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.三.宾语从句的语序：陈述语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。改一改将下列问句变成陈述句。1.Canheswim?→swim.2.Doeshehaveapen?→apen.3.Whichplacedidhegoto?→Whichplace.4.What'swrongwithyou?→.5.Whathappenedtoyou?→.6.Whichisthewaytothestation?→.想一想为什么4，5，6语序不变？HecanHehashewenttoWhathappenedtoyouWhat'swrongwithyou说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。WhichisthewaytothestationCanyoutellme/Iwanttoknow/Iwonder/Pleasetellme……?e.g.Canyoutellmeif/whetherhecanswim?四.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)HeHesaid辨一辨wouldgowaswasreadinghiswork.hadfinished确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）Hetoldme(that)SummerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.比一比Idon’tknowwhereIshouldgo.TellmehowIcandoit.Idon’tknowwheretogo.Tellmehowtodoit.你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句←→疑问词+todo的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主(2).主(间)宾从主练一练1.Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.(变为简单句）→Idon’tknownext.2.Johndidn’tdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy.(变为简单句）→Johndidn’tdecide.3.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop?(变为复合句）→Canyoutellmethebusstop?4.PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5.(变为复合句）→CanyoutellLucytheMP5.五.宾语从句与简单句的转换①②WhattodowhichbooktobuyhowIcangettohowshecanuseⅠ.Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem.1Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive?2SheknewthatDannyisastudent.3Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn.4Doyouknowwhocaritis?wasiswhose六.课堂检测1.Couldyoutellme?A.wherethetwinswereB.wherethetwinsareC.wherearethetwins2.A:Doyouknow?B:Yes,hecameherebytrain.A.whenhecamehereB.ifhewillcomehereC.whyhecamehereD.howhecamehere3.ShesayssheEnglishfortenyears.A.learnedB.haslearnedC.waslearningD.havelearned4.Theteachertoldusthattheearthround.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe5.Tellme.A.whatwrongiswithhimB.what'swrongtohimC.whatthematteriswithhimD.what'sthematterwithhim6.Myfriendaskedme.A.whoisthegirlB.whothegirlwasC.whowasthegirlD.whothegirlⅡ.Choosetherightanswers.BDBBDB宾语从句三要素引导词that（陈述句）if／whether（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句)时态主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时从句一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变七.本课小结Thanks