阿联酋的新能源产业

（AlanLou译自Sun&WindEnergy）UnitedArabEmiratesFlagshipprojects,butmoderatedtargets阿联酋：旗舰项目，稳妥的目标This10MWopenspacePVsysteminMasdarCitythatusesmodulesbySuntechandFirstSolar,hasbeeninoperationforthreeyears.TheconstructionworkforanotherPVplantwithacapacityof100MWisscheduledtobeginbeforetheendoftheyear.Photos(2):EuropressedienstMasdarCity,whichisbeingconstructednearAbuDhabi,willrelyentirelyonsolarenergyandotherrenewableenergysources,andhopestobecomethefirstzero-carbon,zero-wastecity在建中的Masdar市（阿联酋首都阿布扎比附近）将完全依靠太阳能和其他可再生能源运营，是世界上第一个零排放，零浪费的城市。（以下为M城图片）IntheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),whichwasformedasafederationofsevenemiratesin1971,theroleofrenewableenergieshaslongbeenmarginal.WhileDubai,whichisparticularlyrichinfossilfuelresources,madetheheadlineswith“ThePalmIslands”,anartificialarchipelago群岛,列岛,andtheworld’stallestbuilding,AbuDhabi,theconservativeemiratenextdoor,hasalreadystartedtorethinkthefuture.阿联酋是在1971年又7个酋长国组合成立的国家。在这个国家中，新能源一直扮演边缘的角色。早在迪拜这个fossilfuel资源丰富的地区宣扬其“掌上岛国”，打造世界最高建筑的时候，阿布扎比市这个保守的邻居酋长国已经开始重新构思其未来。注释：Dubai：拜酋长国，阿拉伯联合酋长国的第二大酋长国AbuDhabi：阿布扎比市，阿拉伯联合酋长国首都AbuDhabihasbeenfosteringthedevelopmentofCleanTechforseveralyears.WiththeMasdarInitiative(masdar,Arab:source,origin),whichwaslaunchedsixyearsago,theannualWorldFutureEnergySummit(WFES)andtheInternationalOrganisationforRenewableEnergy(IRENA)inthecountry,thecapitaloftheUAEhasbroughtactivitiesinthesustainableenergysectorunderwaythathavebeguntoinspiretheentireregionoftheMiddleandtheNearEast.阿布扎比市发展新能源清洁技术已经数年。由于Masdar市的模范带头作用，加上世界未来能源峰会和国际可再生能源组织都在本国，阿联酋的首都已经使可持续能源活动进入正轨，于是开始激励整个中东和近东地区发展新能源的活动。Despiteitsrichnessinoil,whichisestimatedtobeabout10%oftheworld’stotaloilreservesandsufficienttokeepupthesupplyforabout130moreyearsatcurrentconsumptionlevels,“thenaturalgasexploitationisbarelyenoughtocovertheelectricitydemandinthecountrytoday”,saysChrisWatts,RegionalDirectorIndia,MiddleEast&AfricaoftheSwissBusinessHubGulfCooperationCouncil(GCC).阿联酋石油资源丰富，储备量占世界石油储备总量的10%左右，以目前的消费水平计算，可以供其国民使用130多年。但阿联酋所开发的天然气很难满足今天其国民的发电需求。OneofthereasonsforthesituationistheUAE’senormousneedforelectricityandwater.原因：第一是阿联酋人对水电需求量巨大。ThecitizensofDubai,forexample,consumeanaverageofabout20,000kWhofelectricityperyearandmorethan500litresofwaterperday.举例说明：迪拜市民每年消费20000千瓦时的电量，每天耗费500升水。Themassivedemandismostlyaconsequenceofthesubtropicalclimatewithsummertemperaturesarrivingatupto50°Calongthecoastsandtheextensiveuseofaircondition.为什么对水电的需求量如此巨大？因为该国属于亚热带气候，夏天的温度高达50摄氏度。Butthisisnotall:thesheiks酋长areexpectingthatthecurrentpopulationofapproximatelyfivemillionpeoplelivingintheUAEwilldoubleinthecourseofthenext20years,whichcouldleadtheenergydemandtodoubleaswell.此外，该国人口增长迅速，现在有人口500万，在未来20年人口人口将翻番，这意味着未来所需要的能源量也将翻番。MarketstimuluswithoutFITs没有补贴电价的市场刺激FITs：Feed-intariffs补贴电价Tosatisfythehugeenergythirst,theemiratesalongthePersianGulfarenotonlyfocusingonrenewableenergy.为了满足巨大的能源需求，波斯湾沿岸的酋长国们不仅仅关注可再生能源。Feed-intariffstostimulatethemarketdonotexist.电价补贴政策不存在。Instead,theUAEisinvestingitsreturnsfromoilintoabroadmixofallpromisingenergyformsandintostrengtheningitsR&Defforts.于是阿联酋把注意力从石油转移到各种有前途的其它能源的研发上。包括四个核电站的建设。Theseinvestmentsincludealsofournewnuclearpowerstations,whichhavebeenorderedfromSouthernKoreaandareexpectedtobecompletedby2016.四个核电站是从韩国进口的，预期于2016年竣工。Thefutureenergyproductionwillalsobesupportedbyanindustrialscale400MWhydrogenfuelledpowerplant.未来的能源供应还将包括400兆瓦发电容量的水电站。Aftercompletion,theHydrogenPowerProjectAbuDhabi(HPAD),whichisajointventurebetweenMasdar(60%)andBP(40%)andworthaninvestmentofUS$2billion,willalsoincorporatecarboncaptureandstorage.AbuDhabi领导人的目标是到2020年生产出的水电占全部新能源的7%。ThetargetsetbyAbuDhabi’srulersistoproduceashareofabout7%inthetotalenergyproductionfromrenewableenergysourcesby2020notmuchwhencomparedtoothercountriesaroundtheworld.和世界其他国家相比这个比例并不高。Dubai,too,hassetrathermoderatetargets.迪拜也确立了相当保守的目标。By2020,theemirateplanstoproduceashareof1%ofitstotalenergyproductionfromrenewablesources,whichwillberaisedtoupto5%bytheyear2030.阿联酋计划到2020年新能源产量占全部能源的1%，到2030年占5%。FromtheperspectivesofHannesReinischoftheconsultancyDeloitteandotherexperts,amorerapidexpansionofregenerativeenergyinthecountrywouldnotevenmakesenseforthesheiks.？？？？IntheopinionofReinisch,therulersarequiteawarethattheycouldgiveanimpulsetotheutilizationofrenewableenergyintheregionbyintroducingfeed-intariffs.However,theextracostsfortheincentivecouldnotjustbehandeddowntotheend-consumer,explainsReinisch.Addingasurchargetotheelectricitybillwouldbeaburdenfeltdrasticallybytheconsumers,asenergyisalmostfreeintheUAE.InAbuDhabi,forexample,theendconsumerpaysonly5Fils/kWh(0.01,100Fils=1UnitedArabEmiratesDirham,AED).Foreigners,whoaccountfor82%ofthepopulationintheUAE,havetopay15Fils/kWh,whichisthreetimesasmuch.Dubai’selectricitypricesarealreadyhigherwith25Fils/kWh.ThepricedifferenceisduetothefactthattheoilresourcesownedbyDubaiaremuchsmallerthanAbuDhabi’s.Besidessuchfinancialaspects,thepathintothefutureisalsodependentonculturalfactors.AccordingtoReinisch,thecurrentoilreservesaremanagedbytheemiraterule