Module 8 Unit2 Grammar and usage1

Unit2Theuniversallanguage1.WhatkindofpersonistheprincessTurandot?(Sheis)Cold-hearted.2.HowmanytimeswillTurandotbestagedintheForbiddenCity?(ItwillbestagedintheForbiddenCity)Eight(times).3.Whatwerethekeyingredientsfortheproductionofthisopera?Thebringingtogetherofthegroupofpeoplefrommanycountries,themusicandthesetting(werethekeyingredientsfortheproductionofthisopera).RevisionAnswersomequestionsbasedonTurandotinBeijing.hemustInordertoavoidmarriage,shesaysthatanypotentialhusbandmustanswerthreeriddlescorrectlyordie.WhatisEllipsis?Somewordscanbeleftoutwhenwedonotwanttorepeatthem.Thisiscalledellipsis.Ellipsisisusedwhenwedonotwanttorepeatwordsorphrasesthatareobvious.Somewordsofasentencecanbeleftoutwhilethemeaningcanstillbeunderstood.1.MyfatherlikessportsmorethanTom.(wrong)2.MyfatherlikessportsmorethanTomdoes.(correct)3.MyfatherlikessportsmorethanhelikesTom.(correct)I.简单句中的省略1.在口语中--Howisyourmothertoday?--(Sheis)Muchbetter.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?2.在祈使句中(You)Openthedoor,please.(I)Thankyouverymuch.3.在感叹句中Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!4.在名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物Athermother’s(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.Imethimatthedoctors’(house).5.动词不定式的省略a.为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to:这类动词有:expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,wouldlike,like和love等.如:Sheaskedmetodancewithher,butIdidn’twantto(dancewithher).--Willyougowithme?--Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).b.在haveto,need,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后省略动词.如:Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadto(gotherewithhim).c.在某些形容词delight,glad,happy,pleased等后省略to后面的动词.如:—Willyoujoininourdiscussion?—I’llbegladto(joininyourdiscussion).d.若不定式中带有be,have等,通常保留be,have.如:—Areyouateacher?—No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).Johndidn’tcome,butheoughttohave(come).1.——Hepromisedtocometoseeyou.——Buthe__________.I’vebeenallalone.A.didn’tB.wouldn’tC.hasn’tD.won’t2.——Haveyouwateredtheflowers?——No,but__________.A.IamB.I’mgoingC.I’mjustgoingD.Iwillgo3.——Hehasn’tgonetotheofficeuptonow.——Well,he__________.A.shouldB.oughttoC.oughttogoD.oughttohaveCCDII.并列句中的省略1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。如：Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.Bobhasdonehishomework,butTomhasn’t(donehishomework).2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。如：Marycan（speakEnglish）and(Mary)oughttospeakEnglish.Bobworks(inLondon),andPeterlivesinLondon.III.复合句中的省略1.主句的省略1）主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。(It’sa)pityyoucouldn’tcome.2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。--ShallIgotoplay?--Ifyoulike.(youcangotoplay).2.宾语从句中的省略1）由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。如：Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(bookyoupassme).Hewillcomeback,butshedoesn’tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).ShewantstolearnEnglishwell,yetshedoesn’tknowhow(shecanlearnitwell).2)在I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess,Iexpect,Isuppose,Iimagine等开头的作答句中,后面跟so与not分别用于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。a.—Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin?—Iguessso(yourteamwillwin).—Iguessnot(yourteamwillnotwin).b.—Doyouthinkitwillrain?—Ihopeso(itwillrain).—Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).注:Ihopeso的否定式只能用Ihopenot,不可用Idon‘thopeso.c.―Willwebelate?―I'mafraidso/not.1.––“Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.”––––“Oh!I_______.”A.donothopetoB.donothopeC.hopenotsoD.hopenot2.–--“IsProfessorTateverysick?”----“I’mafraid_______.”A.soB.thisC.toD.thatDA3.状语从句中的省略1)在有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略。这种结构通常为：ifitispossible,whenitisnecessary等。如：Pleasetrytofinishyourhomeworkbyyourselfif(itis)possible.We’llhavetheoldhousepulleddownwhen(itis)necessary.3.状语从句中的省略2)在虚拟条件状语从句中,当助动词为were,had,should等时,连词if可省略,但were,had和should需要倒装到主语的前面。如:WereIyou,Iwoulddomoreexercise.=IfIwereyouHadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegoneshoppingwithyou.=IfIhadhadtime3)以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。如：Hegotupearlyasusual(hedid).Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).Hestudiesashardasyou(study).4)如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从语中的主语及be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有:when,while,though,if和unless.如：When(youare)crossingtheroad,you'dbetterlookatbothsides.Thelittlegirlbegantocrywhen(shewas)askedbythepolice.Unless(Iam)invitedIwillnotgo.4.定语从句中的省略1)定语从句的关系代词that/which/who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词.如：Thegirl(whois)standingunderthetreeisMary.Thebridge(whichwas)builtin1927brokedown.Thegirl(whois)infrontoftheclassroomisMary.4.定语从句中的省略2)在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在thesame...as和such...as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是theway,后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或inwhich.如：Heisoneoftheman(whom)Icantrust.Wewilldothesameworkasthey(do).Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.1.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(NMET2002上海春)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.(NMET2004湖北卷)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich3.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(2004全国卷II)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroducedAAB4.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen____atthemeetingbymyboss.(NMET2004全国卷IV)A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned5.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(NMET2002上海春)A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted6.Unles