专四常考语法点汇总

语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句=主句+从句（1个或1个以上）要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分，以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。要点2状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1Nineistothree_____threeistoone.(2008,53)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what2______hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.(2008,55)A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thouthmuch3Mendifferfromanimals____theycanthinkandspeak.(2008,54)A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhich4Theystoodchattingtogetheraseasilyandnaturallyas____.(2008,60)A.itcouldbeB.couldbeC.itwasD.was5Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation______thecoachleft.(2009，60)A.whenB.asC.untilD.than6____thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.（2010，55）A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However7Fool____Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.A.whoB.asC.likeD.that8Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,___thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.(2005)A.onoccasionB.onpurposeC.onconditionD.onlyif9Whichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause?A.IgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity.B.Astherewasonanswer,Iwroteagain.C.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.D.Wealthyasheis,Markisnotahappyman.状语从句重点总结：（一）条件状语从句：表示条件或假设，通常由以下连词或结构引导：If如果unless如果不；除非aslongas只要solongas只要onconditionthat条件是intheeventthat如果，在……的情况下provided/providingthat假如giventhat如果suppose/supposingthat假如assuming(that)假如say假如★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例：Intheeventthatshecannotarriveontime,wewillgofirst.Supposeitsnowed,wewouldstillgo.Saywhathesaidweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?（二）让步状语从句：含有“虽然，尽管，即使”之意，主要引导词有：though/although虽然evenif/eventhough即使nomatter+疑问词无论疑问词+ever无论inspiteofthefactthat尽管while尽管muchas不管……尽管……forallthat尽管as/thoughgranted/granting(that)虽然，尽管★特别提醒1.几种不常用的让步状语从句举例：Inspiteofthefactthathewasdeafanddumb,hehadageniusformusic.Whilethegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.Forallthattherewerealotofdifficulties,hefinallyenteredthefinalcompetitionandwon.Grantedyouhavemademuchprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.2.用了although或though，就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but，但是though可以和yet连用。Althoughtheywereverytired,buttheystillworking.(true/false)Thoughtheywereverytired,yettheystillworking.(true/false)3.nomatter+疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句，可用疑问词+ever来引导主语从句和宾语从句。Nomatterwhathesayshasnothingtodowithme.(true/false)Whateverhesayshasnothingtodowithme.(true/false)Theoldmanbelievesnomatterwhathissontellshim(true/false)Theoldmanbelieveswhateverhissontellshim(true/false)4.as/though引导的让步状语从句如果有强调的部分，通常将强调的部分置于句首。Youngashewas/Childashewas,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother.＝Youngthoughhewas/Childthoughhewas,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother.＝Thoughhewasyoung/Thoughhewasachild,hecoulddosomehouseworkforhismother.注意：as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，though引导的可以倒装也可以不倒装。5.forall(that)表示让步概念，“that”可以省略，相当于“inspiteof”或“inspiteofthefactthat”,其后可接短语或从句。Forallthefinewordshemaysaytoyourface,hedoesnotlikeyouatheart.Forall(that)yousay,hewillnotchangehismind.（三）时间状语从句：表示时间关系，引导词主要有以下：表示“当…的时候”when,while,as,justas,nesttime,thelasttime,eachtime,everytime,whenever表示时间先后before,after表示“一……就……”Assoonas,once,hardly…when/before…,scarecely…when/before,nosooner…than,directly,immediately,instantly,themoment/second/minute,其他时间Bythetime(到……的时候),itisthefirst/secondtime…,not…until(直到……才……),eversince（自从）★特别提醒1几种不常用的时间状语从句Theywentintoactiondirectly/immediately/instantly/themomenttheyheardthealarm.2几种需要用完成时态的时间状语从句BythetimeIgotthere,theyhadleftfortheairport.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedChina.Hehadhardlyescapedwhen/beforehewascaptured.Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.IhavebeenlivingthereallthetimesinceImovedtherein1992.3否定词置于句首时注意倒装Hardlyhadheescapedwhenhewascapured.NosoonerhadIreachedtherethanitbegantorain.4when引导时间状语从句，如果出现在后半句，可以表示“这时突然”之意。Iwasalmosthurtwhenthebuscametoasuddenstop.5表示时间先后的连词before可表示条件意义，译作“只有/必须……才能……”Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforetheyarefullyaccepted.（四）比较状语从句：可分为同级比较和不同级比较，同级比较通常由as引导，不同级比较通常由than引导。注意几种特殊引导形式：themore/less…themore/less越……，越……justas…,so…正如……，也……AistoBwhat/asCistoDA之于B就如C之于D一样AsAistoB,(so)CistoD正如A之于B，C也之于Dno(notany)more…than……与……都不no(notany)less…than……与……一样都notsomuch…as…与其说……不如说★特别提醒1几种不常用比较状语从句YouwereontimeandsowasI.(注意用倒装结构)Foodistomenwhat/asoilistomachine.Asfoodisimportanttomen,sooilistomachine.Heisnomoreateacherthanweare.Heisnolessateacherthanweare.Itisnotsomuchtheactualpopulationoftheworldasitsrateofincreasethatcatchesmyattention.Thesecretofsuccessisnotsomuchmoneyasastrongwill.2注意比较状语从句中的省略结构，尤其需要注意根据省略的主语来选择谓语动词的单复数及动词时态。Hehaspaidmoremoneythanhasbeenestimatedbefore.（五）原因状语从句主要引导词有：asbecausesincenowthatconsidering(that)鉴于，顾及到seeingthat鉴于inas/somuchasnotbecause…butbecauseinthat…因为，在于★特别提醒1几种不常用的时间状语从句Consideringthattheshoesarehand-made,thepriceisreasonable.Seeingthathewasreallyupset,wedecidedtoleavehimalone.Athoroughphysicalexaminationisimportantinas/somuchasitservestoreassurethepatient.Critismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpspeopletofindandcorrectthei