直接引语变为间接引语

DirectSpeechandReportedSpeech直接引语变为间接引语Directspeech:•Tomsays,Iamlate.•WhatdidTomsay?Reportedspeech:•Tomsaidhewaslate.Notes:•直接引语:说话人直接引用别人的原话．例：Shesaid,“Iamlate.”•间接引语:说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来例：Shesaidshewaslate.当直接引语变为间接引语时:1.陈述句，注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词等的变化。2.疑问句，除了和陈述句相同的那些注意事项外，还应根据不同问句在语序及疑问词上作相应变化。3.祈使句，变为相应的动词不定式形式。4.由what或how引起的感叹句,变为间接引语时可以用that引导，其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同人称的变化人称：一随主，二随宾，三不变若是自引自的话，听者不变人称不变。①“一随主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如：Hesad，“Iamforty，”→Hesaidthathewasforty．②“二随宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。如：Hesaid，“Areyoucomingtomorrow？”→HeaskedmeifIwascomingthenextday．③“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。如：Hesaid，“IssheanEnglishteacher？”→HeaskedifshewasanEnglishteacher．另外注意直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复数。如：Hesaid，“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”→Heaskedme/usifIwas/wewereinterestedinEnglish．时态的变化当主句是过去时时，从句要得变为相应的过去时态，变化规律如下：一般现在时——一般过去时一般过去时——过去完成时一般将来时——过去将来时现在进行时——过去进行时现在完成时——过去完成时过去完成时——过去完成时（时态不变）过去进行时——过去进行时（时态不变）从句时态在什么情况下不需要变化？(1)直接引语的内容如果说的是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(2)直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通常不变。如:Hesaid,“IwasborninBeijingin1990.”→HesaidthathewasborninBeijingin1990.(3)主句为一般现在时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态通常不变。如:Hesays,“TomisgoodatChinese.”→HesaysthatTomisgoodatChinese.(4)直接引语有以since或when引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时，从句的一般过去时保持不变，但其主句的谓语动词则要改为过去完成时。Shesaid,“I’veworkedheresinceIfinishedschool.”→Shesaidthatshehadworkedtheresinceshefinishedschool.(5)当直接引语是名人名言或谚语时，从句时态不变。Hesaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”→Hesaidwherethereisawill，thereisaway.指示代词、地点状语的变化•this——that•these——those•here——there时间状语的变化•now—then•today—thatday•ago—before•thismorning—thatmorning•Yesterday—thedaybefore•tomorrow—thenextday•nextweek—thefollowingweek/thenextweek•Yesterdaymorning—themorningbefore谓语动词的变化•must——haveto•come——go•bring——take疑问句的变化1.直接引语是否定的一般疑问句时,变成间接引语通常用whether(if)…ornot作连词，其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同。如：Hesaid,“Don’tyouknowI’moneofyou?”→Heaskedwhetherweknewhewasoneofusornot.2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为间接引语时要注意：1）改为陈述句语序。2）人称代词、时态等也要变化。3）主句谓语动词为said时，换为asked。直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语中用whether或if引导；直接引语为特殊问句时，间接引语中仍用原来的疑问词。Forexample:•“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.•HeaskedifIhadseenhertheweekbefore.•Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”•Heaskedhermother_________________foundit.•“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.•Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.•“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.•Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.howhadshewhetherIlivedwhereIhadthose3.若直接引语是反意疑问句,变成间接引语通常用whether或if作连词，其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同。如：Hesaidtoher,“Youhavepassedtheexam,haven’tyou?”→Heaskedherwhether/ifshehadpassedtheexam.“Tomdidn’tlikesports,didhe?”hesaid.→Heaskedwhether/ifTomlikedsports.4.若直接引语是选择疑问句,变成间接引语用whether作连词,其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同。如：“Willsheacceptorrefusetheoffer?”hewondered.Hewonderedwhethershewouldacceptorrefusetheoffer.祈使句的变化祈使句变成间接引语时，根据说话人的语气分别用tell、ask、order、beg等作谓语，将原来的祈使句改为动词不定式。1）said（to）改为asked（或told，ordered）；2）saidto的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语；3）在动词原形前加to，使之成为动词不定式；4）去掉please;5)直接引语若是否定句的，变为间接引语时在不定式前加not.6)直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）”Forexample:1.Openthedoor,please.Shesaid.Sheaskedmetoopenthedoor.2.Itsays,Nosmokinghere.Ittoldusnottosmokethere.感叹句的变化•直接引语是由what或how引起的感叹句时,变为间接引语时可以用that引导，其它变化与陈述句直接引语变间接引语相同。•如：“Whatalovelydayitis!”hesaid.→Hesaidthatitwasalovelyday.“Howwonderfultheperformanceis!”shesaid.→Shesaidthattheperformancewaswonderful.请将下列直接引语变为间接引语1.“I’mgladtoreceiveyoure-mail,”hesaid.Hesaid＿＿＿＿gladtoreceieve＿＿e-mail.2.Hesaidtome,“Areyougoinghomethisweekend?”He＿＿me＿＿＿＿＿＿goinghome＿＿weekend.3.“Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?”shesaid.She_______how______thefood____.4.Shesaidtome,“Don’trideinthestreet.”She___me_______rideinthestreet.hewasmyaskedifIwasthataskedmeIlikethereaskednotto5.Murphy:Icansleeplateeveryday.Hesaidhe________sleeplateeveryday.6.Mrs.Kosky:Mysonwillgobowling.Shesaidherson__________gobowling.7.Iris:Erikaisgoingtothedance.Shesaidshe________＿＿tothedance.8.Lissa:I'mexcitedaboutgoingonvacation.Shesaidshe________excitedaboutgoingonvacation.9.HomeroomTeacher:Youcanhaveaparty.Shesaidwe___________haveaparty.couldwouldwasgoingwascould10.Lanasaid,“I’mmadatMarcia.”Lanasaid____________madatMarcia.11.Hesaidtome,“Iwillcallyoutomorrow.”He______me____________call______thenextday.12.Theysaid,“Wearehavingameeting.”Theysaid____________havingameeting.13.Shesaid,“IgotoschooleveryMonday.”Shesaid____________toschooleveryMonday.14.Mysistersaidtome,“I’mgoingtohelpyou.”Mysister______me____________goingtohelp______.15.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme__________________himthenews.shewastoldhewouldmetheywereshewenttoldshewasmenottotell把下列句子变为直接引语。1.ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.•Isaidtohim,“IhavelostmymoneyandIwillfindit.”2.SheaskedwhetherIwouldbefreethenextdayornot.•Sheasked,“Won’tyoubefreetomorrow?”3.Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.•Iaskedher,“Whereareyougoingandwhatareyougoingtodotomorrow?”4.Thestrangeraskedmewhatmynameis.•Thestrangersaidtome,“What’syourname?”5.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.“I’llfinishmywor