Recentprogressinfluoropolymersformembranes

ProgressinPolymerScience39(2014)164–198ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectProgressinPolymerSciencejournalhomepage:fluoropolymersformembranesZhaoliangCuia,EnricoDriolia,b,∗,YoungMooLeea,c,∗aWCUDepartmentofEnergyEngineering,HanyangUniversity,Seoul133-791,RepublicofKoreabResearchInstituteonMembraneTechnology,ITM-CNR,ViaPietroBucci17/C,Rende87036,ItalycSchoolofChemicalEngineering,HanyangUniversity,Seoul133-791,RepublicofKoreaarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received21November2012Receivedinrevisedform9July2013Accepted16July2013Availableonline26July2013Keywords:FluoropolymerMembraneMembranepreparationMembranemodificationabstractFluoropolymersusuallyhavehighmechanicalstrengthandexcellentchemicalstabilityandthushavebeenemployedforthelastseveraldecadesasmaterialsformembraneseparationprocesses,typicallyinwaterpurificationandenergyapplicationssuchasmicrofiltration(MF),ultrafiltration(UF),fuelcells,batteryseparators,etc.Recently,newmembraneoper-ationssuchasmembranedistillation(MD),membranecrystallization(MCr),membraneemulsification(ME)andmembranecontactors(MC)havebecomepopular.Amuchstrongerunderstandingofthebasicpropertiesofthematerialsutilizedisrequiredforadoptingtheappropriatemembraneandforfindingtherelationshipamongmaterialproperties,mem-branemorphologyandthetransportphenomenainthemembranes.Thisreviewpresentsthestructuresandpropertiesoffluoropolymersformembranes,thepreparationandmod-ificationmethodsoffluoropolymermembranes,andtheirapplications.Recentprogressinthedevelopmentofnovelfluoropolymersformembranesandtheirfabricationandmodificationmethodsarereportedaswell.©2013ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Contents1.Introduction........................................................................................................................1661.1.Membranetechnology......................................................................................................1661.2.Fluoropolymersformembranes............................................................................................1661.3.Fluoropolymermembranepreparationsandmodifications...............................................................1662.Poly(vinylidenefluoride)(PVDF)...................................................................................................1672.1.StructureofPVDF...........................................................................................................1702.1.1.CrystallineformsofPVDF.........................................................................................1702.1.2.CrystallizationofPVDF............................................................................................1712.2.PropertiesofPVDF..........................................................................................................1712.3.PVDFmembranes...........................................................................................................1712.3.1.PVDFmembranepreparation.....................................................................................1712.3.2.PVDFmembranemodification....................................................................................1742.4.PVDFcopolymermembranes...............................................................................................1752.4.1.Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene)(P(VDF-co-TFE))..............................................1752.4.2.Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropene)(P(VDF-co-HFP))..............................................1762.4.3.Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-co-CTFE)).........................................1782.4.4.Poly(vinylidenefluoride)-graft-poly-(styrenesulfonicacid)(PVDF-g-PSSA)....................................179∗Correspondingauthors.E-mailaddresses:[e-mail](E.Drioli),[e-mail](Y.M.Lee).0079-6700/$–seefrontmatter©2013ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.(2014)164–1981652.4.5.Poly(vinylidenefluoride–trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE))......................................................1813.Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)(PTFE)...................................................................................................1813.1.StructureofPTFE............................................................................................................1813.2.PropertiesofPTFE...........................................................................................................1823.3.PTFEmembranes............................................................................................................1823.3.1.PreparationofPTFEmembranes..................................................................................1823.3.2.ModificationofPTFEmembranes.................................................................................1823.4.PTFEcopolymermembranes................................................................................................1853.4.1