矮床酸回收树脂详解

Tulsion®A-32FineMeshISO-9001/ISO-14001/OHSAS-18000AcidPurificationandRecoveryUsingResinSorptionTechnology-AReview用树脂吸附技术净化和回收酸--综述Inthemetalfinishingindustriessolutionsofstrongmineralacids(sulfuric,nitric,hydrochloric)areusedtoremovesurfaceoxidesthatimpairsubsequentmanufacturingoperations.Toalargedegreetheseoxidesaredissolvedbytheacidsandastheconcentrationofdissolvedmetalsincreasesthereisacorrespondingdecreaseinfreeacidconcentrations.Althoughfreshacidcanbeaddedtothesolutiontomakeupforthis,theoxideremoval(pickling)rategenerallydecreaseswhenthemetalsconcentrationincreases.Thebathmustbedumpedwhentheoxidescaleisnolongerbeingadequatelyremoved.在金属精加工行业常用强无机酸（硫酸，硝酸，盐酸）来去除表面的氧化物以减少对后续生产操作的影响。在很大程度上这些氧化物是被酸溶解的，并且随着溶解的金属浓度的增加游离酸的浓度也相应减少。虽然新的酸可被加入到溶液中以弥补这一点，但是当金属浓度增加的时候，氧化物去除率（酸洗）通常会降低。当氧化皮不再被充分去除的时候，这些酸液就必须被倒掉。Thismethodofoperationcancauseproductivityrelatedproblems.Freshlyformulatedpicklingbathscontainingverylowlevelsofdissolvedironareveryaggressiveandcancauseoverpickling.Materialofsubstandardqualitycanalsobeproducedasthebathapproachesthespentcondition.Reworkmaybenecessarytopreventproblemswithsubsequentsurfacetreatmentprocesses.这种操作方法会引起生产率有关的问题。含有溶解的铁含量很低的新配制的酸洗浴是非常强劲的，并可能导致过度酸洗。由于酸洗而接近报废的质量不合格的材料也可能会产生。返工可能是必要的，以防止出现后续的表面处理工艺问题。Inaddition,spentpickleliquorscancontainlargeamountsofunusedorfreeacid.Freeacidinaspentpicklebathrepresentsalossofvaluablechemicalsandawastetreatmentliability.Continuouspurificationofpickleliquorscan,therefore,offerseveralbenefitstosteelmakers:-uniformproductqualitywithreducedrework-increasedaveragepicklingspeed-reducedchemicalconsumption-reducedwastehandlingrequirements此外，用废了的酸洗液也包含了大量的未使用的或“游离”酸。用废了的酸洗液中的游离酸代表了有价值的化学品和废物处理的责任双方面的的亏损。因此酸洗液的连续纯化可以提供为钢铁生产商带来如下优势：-降低返工率，统一产品质量-增加平均的酸洗速度-减少化学品消耗-减少废物处理要求2.0TheAPUProcess/酸纯化系统工艺Certainionexchange(1x1resins,similartothoseusedinwatersoftenersandwaterdeionizers,havetheabilitytoabsorbstrongacidswhileexcludingmetalsaltsoftheseacids.Theacidscanreadilybedesorbedfromtheresinbeadswithawaterwash.Whilethisphenomena,knownasacidretardation,wasobservedbyresearchersintheearlysixtiesitwasnotsuccessfullycommercializedatthattime.ThiswaslikelyduetothelimitationsofconventionalIXequipmentdesign.科海思（北京）科技有限公司COHESION(BEIJING)CO.,LTDContact:Mr.Zhang-57429866Mob：[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]:Room1006,No.1HangfengRoad,FengtaiDistrict,Beijing,China.®A-32FineMeshISO-9001/ISO-14001/OHSAS-18000Whiletheacidretardationworkwasunderway,anovelionexchangeprocesswasbeingdevelopedattheUniversityofToronto.Thistotallynewapproachtoionexchange某些离子交换（有吸附强酸而排除这些酸的金属盐的能力的特殊树脂）。并且这些酸可以很容易地用水从树脂粒上冲洗出来。虽然这现象，被称为“酸迟滞”，研究人员在六十年代初已经发现了这种现象，但是它在那时候并没有被成功的商业化，这很可能是由于传统的IX设备设计的局限性。当今酸迟滞工作正在进行中，多伦多大学发明了一种新的离子交换工艺。这种全新的方法近似于离子交换-embodiedseveraluniquedesignfeatures:-Finemeshresinbeads.....toincreasethesurfaceareapercubicfootandimprovereactionkinetics.-Shortresinbeds....reducingpressuredropandequipmentsize-Fixedresinbeds....tominimizeintermixinganddilutionoffeedandregenerantphases.-Countercurrentflows....offeedandregenerantstepstomaximizechemicalefficiency.体现了一些独特的设计特点：-细网树脂粒.....增加每立方英尺的表面积，提高反应动力学。-矮树脂床.....减少压力降和设备尺寸-固定树脂床....尽量减少相互混合和稀释进料和再生时间。-逆流进水....以最大限度地提高进料和再生步骤的化学效率。In1975aprogramwasinitiatedtoapplytheprocesstoacidretardation.Theprogramwasasuccessandthefirstacidretardationsystemusingthistechnologywasinstalledin1977forthepurificationofsulphuricacidanodizingsolutions.Sincethattimeover150similarsystemshavebeeninstalled.1975年，一个适用于酸迟滞工艺的项目被启动。该项目是成功的，在1977年完成安装，这是第一个使用这种技术的酸迟滞系统，用来净化铝阳极系统中的硫酸溶液。采用这种技术的第一酸迟缓系统为硫酸阳极氧化溶液的净化安装于1977年。自那时以来，已经有超过150个相似的系统安装完毕。3.0BasicSystemDesign/基础系统设计Inmanypicklingoperations,thebathisformulated,worked,adjustedforfreeacidcontentasrequireduntilthedissolvedmetalsreachacriticallevel,anddumped.AnAcidPurificationSystemisnormallydesignedtoholdthedissolvedmetallevelsatapreferredoperatinglevel,typically50-60%ofnormaldumpconcentration.Freeacidconcentrationcanbemaintainedatwhateverlevelisrequiredtoprovidethenecessarypicklingrate.AnAcidPurificationSystemprocessisshowninFigure1.TherearethreebasicstepsintheSystemincluding:在许多酸洗操作中，酸洗液配置，工作，根据需要调整游离酸含量直到溶解的金属达到一个临界水平，并且储存。一个酸纯化系统通常设计为保持溶解金属水平在一个最佳的操作水平，一般为正常转储浓度的50-60％。游离酸的浓度可以保持在要求的任何水平，以提供必要的酸洗速度。酸洗系统的工艺过程如图1所示。系统包括三个基本步骤：-Bathcooling(ifrequired)/冷却（根据需要）-Bathfiltration/过滤-AcidAbsorption/酸吸收科海思（北京）科技有限公司COHESION(BEIJING)CO.,LTDContact:Mr.Zhang-57429866Mob：[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]:Room1006,No.1HangfengRoad,FengtaiDistrict,Beijing,China.®A-32FineMeshISO-9001/ISO-14001/OHSAS-18000Bathcooling/溶液冷却Bathcoolingisnecessarywhereoxidizerssuchasnitricacidorhydrogenperoxidearepresent.Whilesulphuricandhydrochloricacidscanbetreatedattemperaturesupto80℃,thepresenceofoxidizersnecessitatesthatthefeedbecooledtoabout32℃.Citywaterisnormallyusedforcooling.Avarietyofcoolerdesignsareavailabledependingontheparticularrequirementsofthesystem.Thewatermaybeusedforregenerationoftheabsorptionresinandrinsingonthepickleline.当氧化剂有硝酸或过氧化氢存在时，一般要求溶液冷却。硫酸和盐酸在可以在温度高达80℃时