PMP-BOK-第六版-中英文词汇表

PMP_BOK_第六版-中英文词汇表TermDescription术语解释AcceptanceCriteriaAsetofconditionsthatisrequiredtobemetbeforedeliverablesareaccepted验收标准可交付成果通过验收前必须满足的一系列条件。AcceptedDeliverablesProducts,results,orcapabilitiesproducedbyaprojectandvalidatedbytheprojectcustomerorsponsorsasmeetingtheirspecifiedacceptancecriteria验收的可交付成果项目产出的，且被项目客户或发起人确认为满足既定验收标准的产品、结果或能力。AccuracyWithinthequalitymanagementsystem,accuracyisanassessmentofcorrectness准确在质量管理体系中，“准确”是指对正确程度的评估。AcquireResourcesTheprocessofobtainingteammembers,facilities,equipment,materials,supplies,andotherresourcesnecessarytocompleteprojectwork获取资源获取项目所需的团队成员、设施、设备、材料、用品和其他资源的过程。AcquisitionObtaininghumanandmaterialresourcesnecessarytoperformprojectactivities.Acquisitionimpliesacostofresources,andisnotnecessarilyfinancial.募集获取执行项目活动所必需的人力资源和物质资源。募集将产生资源成本，但不一定是财务成本。ActivityAdistinct,scheduledportionofworkperformedduringthecourseofaproject活动在进度计划中所列，并在项目过程中实施的工作组成部分。ActivityAttributesMultipleattributesassociatedwitheachscheduleactivitythatcanbeincludedwithintheactivitylist.Activityattributesincludeactivitycodes,predecessoractivities,successoractivities,logicalrelationships,leadsandlags,resourcerequirements,imposeddates,constraints,andassumptions.活动属性进度活动所具备的多种属性，可以包含在活动清单中。活动属性包括活动编码、紧前活动、紧后活动、逻辑关系、提前量和滞后量、资源要求、强制日期、制约因素和假设条件。ActivityDurationThetimeincalendarunitsbetweenthestartandfinishofascheduleactivity.Seealsoduration.活动持续时间用日历单位表示的，进度活动从开始到完成的时间长度。参见“持续时间”。ActivityDurationEstimatesThequantitativeassessmentsofthelikelynumberoftimeperiodsthatarerequiredtocompleteanactivity活动持续时间估算对完成一项活动可能需要的时间的定量评估。ActivityListAdocumentedtabulationofscheduleactivitiesthatshowstheactivitydescription,activityidentifier,andasufficientlydetailedscopeofworkdescriptionsoprojectteammembersunderstandwhatworkistobeperformed活动清单一份记录进度活动的表格，包含活动描述、活动标识及足够详细的工作范围描述，以便项目团队成员了解所需执行的工作。Activity-on-Node(AON)Seeprecedencediagrammingmethod(PDM)活动节点法见“紧前关系绘图法（PDM）”ActualCost(AC)Therealizedcostincurredfortheworkperformedonanactivityduringaspecifictimeperiod实际成本在给定时间段内，因执行项目活动而实际发生的成本。ActualDurationThetimeincalendarunitsbetweentheactualstartdateofthescheduleactivityandeitherthedatadateoftheprojectscheduleifthescheduleactivityisinprogressortheactualfinishdateifthescheduleactivityiscomplete实际持续时间进度活动的实际开始日期与数据日期（如果该进度活动尚未完成）或实际完成日期（如果该进度活动已经完成）之间的日历时间。AdaptiveLifeCycleAprojectlifecyclethatisiterativeorincremental适应型生命周期迭代型或增量型项目生命周期。AffinityDiagramsAtechniquethatallowslargenumbersofideastobeclassifiedintogroupsforreviewandanalysis亲和图一种用来对大量创意进行分组，以便进一步审查和分析的技术。AgreementsAnydocumentorcommunicationthatdefinestheinitialintentionsofaproject.Thiscantaketheformofacontract,memorandumofunderstanding(MOU),lettersofagreement,verbalagreements,email,etc.协议用于明确项目初步意向的任何文件或沟通，形式有合同、谅解备忘录（MOU）、协议书、口头协议和电子邮件等。AlternativeAnalysisAtechniqueusedtoevaluateidentifiedoptionsinordertoselecttheoptionsor备选方案分析一种对已识别的可选方案进行评估的技术，用来决定选择哪种方案或使用何种方approachestousetoexecuteandperformtheworkoftheproject法来执行项目工作。AnalogousEstimatingAtechniqueforestimatingthedurationorcostofanactivityoraprojectusinghistoricaldatafromasimilaractivityorproject类比估算使用相似活动或项目的历史数据，来估算当前活动或项目的持续时间或成本的技术。AnalyticalTechniquesVarioustechniquesusedtoevaluate,analyze,orforecastpotentialoutcomesbasedonpossiblevariationsofprojectorenvironmentalvariablesandtheirrelationshipswithothervariables分析技术根据可能的项目或环境变量变化及它们与其他变量之间的关系，对潜在后果进行评估、分析和预测的各种技术。AssumptionAfactorintheplanningprocessthatisconsideredtobetrue,real,orcertain,withoutproofordemonstration假设在规划过程中不需要验证即可视为正确、真实或确定的因素。AssumptionLogAprojectdocumentusedtorecordallassumptionsandconstraintsthroughouttheprojectlifecycle假设日志在整个项目生命周期中用来记录所有假设条件和制约因素的项目文件。AttributeSamplingMethodofmeasuringqualitythatconsistsofnotingthepresence(orabsence)ofsomecharacteristic(attribute)ineachoftheunitsunderconsideration属性抽样检测质量的一种方法。AuthorityTherighttoapplyprojectresources,职权使用项目资源、花费资金、做出决策或给expendfunds,makedecisions,orgiveapprovals予批准的权力。BackwardPassAcriticalpathmethodtechniqueforcalculatingthelatestartandlatefinishdatesbyworkingbackwardthroughtheschedulemodelfromtheprojectenddate逆推法关键路径法中的一种技术。在进度模型中，从项目完工日期出发，反向推导，计算最晚开始和最晚结束日期。BarChartAgraphicdisplayofschedule-relatedinformation.Inthetypicalbarchart,scheduleactivitiesorworkbreakdownstructurecomponentsarelisteddowntheleftsideofthechart,datesareshownacrossthetop,andactivitydurationsareshownasdate-placedhorizontalbars.SeealsoGanttchart.横道图展示进度相关信息的一种图表方式。在典型的横道图中，进度活动或工作分解结构组件竖列于图的左侧，日期横排在图的顶端，而活动持续时间则以按日期定位的水平条形表示。见“甘特图”。BaselineTheapprovedversionofaworkproductthatcanbechangedonlythroughformalchangecontrolproceduresandisusedasabasisforcomparisontoactualresults基准经批准的工作产品版本，只有通过正式的变更控制程序才能进行变更，并且用作与实际结果进行比较的依据。BasisofEstimatesSupportingdocumentationoutliningthedetailsusedinestablishingprojectestimatessuchasassumptions,constraints,levelofdetail,ranges,and估算依据概述项目估算所用依据的支持性文件，如假设条件、制约因素、详细级别、估算区间和置信水平。confidencelevelsBenchmarkingBenchmarkingisthecomparisonofactualorplannedproducts,processes,andpracticestothoseofcomparableorganizationstoidentifybestpractices,generateideasforimprovement,andprovideabas