您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 临时分类 > 国际贸易实务(英语版)期末考试总结
1.询盘Enquiry(inquiry)referstothebuyerinordertobuyorthesellerinordertosellgoodstoasktoeachotherabouttradingconditions.2.接受Acceptance.Inbusinesslaw,anacceptanceistheassenttothetermsofanoffer.Itmustbeabsoluteandunconditional.3.商品的品质;Salebyseller’ssamplemadeonthebasisofthesampleprovidedbythesellerSalebybuyer’ssamplemadeonthebasisofthesampleprovidedbythebuyerSalebycountersampleCountersample:areplicamadebythesellerofthesampleprovided,normallybythebuyercountersampleusedasthebasisforqualitytoremovetheriskoftheseller,agoodsubstitutetosalebybuyer’ssample4.重量grossweight(毛重)=netweight(净重)+Tare(皮重)Conditionedweight:(公量)equalstothedryweightofacommodityplusthestandardmoisturecontent.Conditionedweight=Driednetweightx(1+Standardregainrate)Theoreticalweight(理论重量)=UnitweightxQuantityLegalweight(法定重量)=Netweight+Tare(immediatepacking)5.商品包装bulkcommodities(散装)nudepackedcommodities(裸装)Packedcommodities(包装)Neutralpacking(中性包装)meansthatthereisneitheranameoftheorigin,noranameofthefactory,noratrademark,abrand,orevenanywordsonthepackingofthecommodityandthecommodityitself.Itincludestwokinds:packingwithtrademarkdesignatedbythebuyerbutwithoutthemarkofthemanufacturersoriginspackingwithouttrademarkandoriginsaswellasthemarkofthemanufacturers.6.贸易术语Warsaw-OxfordRulesismadebyInternationalLawAssociation,whichonlydefinesCIFcontracts.海洋和河内运输:FASFOBCFRCIF任何:EXWFCACPTCIPDATDAPDDP装运港交货:FOBCFRCIF向承运人交货:FTACIPCPT目的地交货:DATDAPDDPFOB:FreeonboardThesellerisresponsibleforshippingthecontractedgoodsonboardtheshipdominatedbythebuyerattheportofshipmentwithinspecificperiodandbearingallcostsandrisksbeforethegoodsareonboardthevessel.CFR----Costandfreight:Thesellerisresponsibleforbookingspaceanddeliveringthegoodsonboardthevesselsailingforthedestinationinduetimeaccordingtothecontractandcoveringtherisksandexpensesduringcarriage(therisksaretransferredwhengoodsaredeliveredonboard).CIF-----CostInsuranceandFreight:CIFmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevessel.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel.Thesellermustcontractforandpaythecostandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.Theselleralsocontractsforinsurancecoveragainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.ThebuyershouldnotethatunderCIFthesellerisrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonlyonminimumcover.7.国际运输:LinerTransport班轮运输Alinerisvesselwithregularsailingsandarrivalsandsailsonafixed(regular)sailingrouteandcallsatfixed(regular)baseports.特点:a.Fixity,namelyfixedroutes,fixedportsofcall,fixeddatesandfixedrates.四固定b.Responsibility一负责c.Liabilities,obligationsandexemptionsoflinersandtheshipperareallonthebasisofthebillofladingissuedbyliners.权利、义务、责任豁免ShippingbyCharter租船运输:Itmeansafreight-carryingvesselwhichhasnoregularrouteorscheduleofsailingsorportorfreight.Theshipperchartersshipfromtheship-ownerandusesittocarrythegoods.InternationalMulti-modalTransport国际多式联运:Itinvolvesthetransportationoffreightinaninternationalcontainerorvehicle,usingmultiplemodesoftransportation(rail,shipandtruck),withoutanyhandlingofthefreightitselfwhenchangingmodes.8.海运提单Billoflading(B/L):adocumentissuedbyanoceancarriertoashipperwithwhomthecarrierhasenteredintoacontractforthecarriageofgoods.作用:areceiptofcargo,anevidenceofcontractofcarriage,adocumenttitletothegoods9.保险:PerilsoftheSea(海上风险):NaturalCalamities(自然灾害)FortuitousAccidents(意外事故)ExtraneousRisks(附加其他风险)GeneralExtraneousRisksSpecialExtraneousRisks(特殊附加风险战争等)ActualTotalLoss:实际全损Itmeansthattheinsuredsubjectmatteristotallyandirretrievably(un-savable)lost.ConstructiveTotalLoss:推定全损Itisestimatedthattheactualtotallossofcargoisinevitableorthecostofsalvageorrecoverycouldhaveexceedthevalueofthecargo.Partialloss部分损失:GeneralAverage:共同海损Itreferstoacertainspecialsacrificeandextraexpenseintentionallyincurredforthegeneralinterestsoftheship-owner,theinsurer,andtheownersofthevariouscargoesabroadtheship.Whenashipisindanger,thecaptainmustmakeadecisionandoneofshipperswillsuffer.Inordertocompensatethespecialsacrifice,alltheotherswillclubtogethertore-compensatehimforloss.Particularaverage:单独海损Itmeansthataparticularcargoisdamagedbyanycauseandthedegreeofthedamagedoesnotreachatotalloss,i.e.,onlyapartialloss,whichshallbebornebytheownerofthisindividualconsignment.Freefromparticularaverage(F.P.A.)平安险Withparticularaverage(W.P.A.)水渍险Itcoverspartiallossduetovileweather,lightning,tsunami,earthquakeand/orfloodaswellastheriskscoveredunderF.P.A.conditionasmentionedabove.Allrisks:一切险AsidefromtheriskscoveredundertheF.P.A.andW.A.conditionsasabove,thisinsurancealsocoversallrisksoflossesordamagetotheinsuredgoodswhetherpartialortotal,arisingfromgeneraladditionalrisks.保险金额计算insuranceamount=CIFprice×(1+markuppercentage加成率)premium(溢价)=insuranceamount×premiumrateInsurancePolicy:(保险单)Itisthemostwidelyusedinsurancedocument.ContentsoftheinsurancepolicyusuallyincludeThedetailedcontent.InsuranceCertificate保险凭证Itisakindofsimplifiedinsurancepolicy,andtherightsandobligationsoftwopartiesareomitted.Butithasthesamelegalvalidityastheinsurancepolicy.10.支付工具Abillofexchange(汇票)isanunconditi
本文标题:国际贸易实务(英语版)期末考试总结
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-6903084 .html