《国际商务英语》名词解释

¹ú¼ÊÉÌÎñÓ¢Ó¡ª´Ê»ã²¿·Ö11.Budget¡ªÔ¤Ëãanaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu.ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangements.2.Return¡ª»Ø±¨thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.3.Portfolio¡ªÖ¤È¯Í¶×Ê×éºÏtheentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling4.Royalty¡ª×¨ÀûË°moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.5.Expertise¡ª×¨ÃÅ֪ʶexpertknowledgeorskill,esp.inaparticularfield;know-how.6.Licensor¡ªÈÏÖ¤°ä·¢Õßapersonorcompanygrantingalicense.7.Patent¡ª×¨ÀûȨaspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.8.Non-tariffbarrier¡ª·ÇóÒ×±ÚÀÝallformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.9.Turnkeycontract¡ªoneinwhichoneofthepartiesagreestosupply,atthecontractprice,acompleteproductreadyforuse,suchasanewhome,factory,ship,etc.10.Franchise¡ª¾­ÏúȨanarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.21.Purchasingpower¡ª¹ºÂòÁ¦ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.2.Assess¡ª¹À¼Ûtojudgeanamountorvalue.3.spur¡ªtourgeorencourage4.average¡ªofanordinary,commonorusualkindinqualityoramount5.Productive¡ªproducinginhighefficiencyorinlargequantity6.tap¡ªtotakewhatisneededfrom,toexploit7.Infrastructure¡ªlarge-scalepublicservices,suchaswaterandpowersupplies,road,railandradiocommunications,etc.neededtosupporteconomicactivity,esp.industry,tradeandcommerce.8.recipient¡ªapersonoranorganizationetc.thatreceivessomething9.consumerism¡ªconsiderabledesiretomakepurchaseforconsumption10.PPP¡ªpurchasingpowerparity31liberalization¡ªoftrade,theactofgovernmentinliftingcontrolsoverimportsandexports2integration¡ªcombiningintothewhole3tariff¡ªtaxleviedbythecustoms4barrierstotrade¡ªanyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.5mobility¡ªcapacitythatcanmoveorbemovedeasilyandquicklyfromplacetoplace.6detour¡ªÈƵÀroutethatavoidsablockedroad;deviation7banknote¡ªÖ½±Òprintedpapermoneyissuedbyabank,usu.thecountry¡¯scentralbank.8erode¡ªÇÖÊ´wearaway,eatinto9envisage¡ªpicture(anevent,action,etc)inthemindasafuturepossibility;imagine10veto¡ª·ñ¾öȨrighttorejectorforbidsomething41affiliate¡ªasubsidiarycompanycontrolledbyanother2assets¡ªtotalresourcesofabusiness,ascash,accountsreceivable,realestatesetc.3worldcompany¡ªamultinationalwhosenationalidentityhasbeenblurred4facilities¡ªsomethingdesigned,builtorinstalledtoserveaspecificfunctionorperformaparticularservice5revenue¡ªÊÕÒæthetotalannualincomeofstate6decentralize¡ªÊ¹·ÖȨdistributetheadministrativepowersoveralessconcentratedarea7nationalize¡ªtobringunderthecontrolorownershipofanation\8welfare¡ªwell-being9framework¡ªorganizationstructure10input¡ªsomethingthatisputinbusinessoperation51service¡ªsomethingdonetohelporbenefitothers2abundant¡ªplentiful,morethanenough3specialization¡ªtorestrictone¡¯seconomicactivitiestocertainparticularfields4primarycommodities¡ªthosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials5incentive¡ªthatwhichincites,rousesorencouragesaperson6alternative¡ªthatmaybehad,usedetc.inplaceofsth.else7intuitive¡ªrelatingtothepoweroftheimmediateunderstandingofsomethingwithoutreasoningorstudy8efficient¡ªproducingadesiredorsatisfactoryresult;abletoperformdutieswell9endowment¡ªanaturalgiftorability10exploit¡ªtodeveloptheuseof,makethebestuseof61drawback¡ªÍËË°dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported2highlight¡ªtomakeprominent;todrawspecialattention3bulky¡ªtakingalotofspace,andoftenofashapedifficulttohandle4perishable¡ªeasilytogobad5tariff¡ªdutiesimposedongoodsimportedandexported6specificduties¡ªdutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods7advaloremduties¡ªdutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods8unilaterally¡ªµ¥·½ÃæµØdonebyonesideorpartyonly9maritime¡ªconnectedwiththeseaornavigation10remittance¡ª»ã¿îmoneysentbypost71lawsuit¡ªlegalprosecution2dispute¡ªargumentorcontroversy3remedy¡ªmethodofputtingrightsomethingthatiswrong4amendment¡ªÐÞÕýchangesmadetosomething5Incoterms¡ªasetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationoftradeterms6present¡ªsubmit7premise¡ªatractoflandincludingitsbuildings8heading¡ªcategory9classification¡ªthearrangementofthingsbygroups10carriage¡ªthepriceorcostoftransportation81businessline¡ªgoodsdealtinbyacompany2voluntaryoffer¡ªanoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer3contract¡ªanagreementsettingforththebindingobligationsoftherelevantparties4indispensable¡ªabsolutelynecessary5contractproper¡ªthemainbodyofacontract6contractingparties¡ªsignatoriesofanagreement7forcemajeure¡ª[²»¿É¿¹Á¦]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty8purchasecontract¡ªacontractmadebythebuyer9firmoffer¡ªanofferwhosetermsandcond