信息与通信工程专业英语02part1

第2篇课文Part1基础知识Part2通信工程Part1Fundamentals基础知识Unit1CurrentInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesUnit2CommunicationSystemsUnit3ComputerSystemsUnit4OperatingSystemsUnit1CurrentInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesInformationandCommunicationTechnologies(ICT)isanumbrellatermthatcoversalladvancedtechnologiesinmanipulatingandcommunicatinginformation.ThetermissometimesusedinpreferencetoInformationTechnology(IT),particularlyinthesetwocommunities:educationandgovernment.ThecommonusageICTissynonymousassumedthefactthatITorICTencompassesallmediums,torecordinformation(magneticdisk/tape,opticaldisks(CD/DVD),flashmemoryetc.andarguablyalsopaperrecords);technologyforbroadcastinginformation-radio,television;andtechnologyforcommunicatingthroughvoiceandsoundorimages-microphone,camera,loudspeaker,telephonetocellularphones1.Itincludesthewidevarietiesofcomputinghardware(PCs,servers,mainframes,networkedstorage)2.Rapidlyitdevelopspersonalhardwaremarketthatcomprisesmobilephones,personaldevices,(MP3,MP4,MP5andsoon)players,andsomuchmore3.Thefullgamutofthisapplicationsoftware,fromthesmallesthome-developedspreadsheettothelargestenterprisepackagesandonlinesoftwareservices;andthehardwareandsoftwareneededtooperatenetworksfortransmissionofinformation,againrangingfromahomenetworktothelargestglobalprivatenetworksoperatedbymajorcommercialenterprisesand,ofcourse,theInternet.4Thus,“ICT”makesmoreexplicitthattechnologiessuchasbroadcastingandwirelessmobiletelecommunicationsareincluded.ICTcapabilitiesvarywidelyfromthesophisticationofmajorwesterneconomiestolesserprovisioninthedevelopingworld.Butthelatterarecatchingupfast,oftenleapfroggingoldergenerationsoftechnologyanddevelopingnewsolutionsthatmatchtheirspecificneeds.TheICTmaynotsurviveinitspresentformforlong.Soonerthanlater5developingcountrieswouldgetoverthePCmaniaprevalentnowinthedevelopedworld,unlessthereisaremarkablechangeintheeconomyofhavingadesktopPC.AnytechnologythatrequiresthemassestoownaPC,initspresentform,toaccessinformationisunlikelytobesuccessfulintheforeseeablefuture.Possibilitiesappeartoexist,however,inthemobilephonetechnology,whichisfastbecomingveryaffordabletothemasses,isvoicebasedandcanbeintegratedwiththeInformationTechnologyattheserverendofacomputernetwork.Forexample,inthefieldofeducationpeoplecanaskquestionthroughamobilephone,adatabaseofanswerstosuchquestionscanbegeneratedusingthesetechnologies.TV.CurrentlywhatisinWikipediaandcallcentersandthetextinthesedatabasescouldbeconvertedintovoice,bydevelopingtexttovoicetechnologiesinthevariouslanguages.Thepersonseekinginformationcanbeinformedwhenanswersareavailableandbetteranswerssoughtbasedonhis/herfeedback6.Theemerging3Gand4Gmobilephonetechnologiescanindeedfacilitatesuchdevelopments.7Analternativetechnologycouldbeusedtointegratethemobilephonewiththetelevisionscreen,sothatvisualinformationcanbeviewedeasily.Similarly,thereisapossibilityfordevelopinginteractiveradio,onthelinesofinteractiveTV.ChinaMultimediaMobileBroadcasting(CMMB)CMMBisamobiletelevisionandmultimediastandarddevelopedandspecifiedinChinabytheStateAdministrationofRadio,Film,andTelevision(SARFT).8Itisbasedonthesatelliteandterrestrialinteractivemultiserviceinfrastructure(STiMi),developedbyTiMiTech,acompanyformedbytheChineseAcademyofBroadcastingScience.AnnouncedinOctober2006,ithasbeendescribedasbeingsimilartoEurope’sDVB-SHstandardfordigitalvideobroadcastfrombothsatellitesandterrestrial‘gapfillers’tohandhelddevices.9Itspecifiesusageofthe2.6GHzfrequencybandandoccupies25MHzbandwidthwithinwhichitprovides25videoand30radiochannelswithsomeadditionaldatachannels.10MultiplecompanieshavechipsthatsupportCMMBstandard.MP3MP3isaMPEGstandardusedespeciallyfordigitallytransmittingmusicovertheInternet.Bytheendofthe1990s,musicfansdiscoveredthataCDsongtitleconvertedtoMP3wouldstillsoundprettygoodeventhoughitwasonly1/10ththesizeoftheoriginalCDtrack.Smallerfilesmeantfasterdownloading.Atanaverageof4MB,ittooklessthan15minutestodownloadafileoverananalogdial-upmodem.11Withabroadbandconnectiononacollegecampus,ittookseconds.MP3createdaworldwideauditioningsystemfornewmusicianswhocouldfreelydistributetheirmusictogainanaudience.Italsoletpeopleswapcopyrightedtitleswithimpunity.MP4MP4istheofficialmultimediacontainerforMPEG-4videoandaudio.Althoughsuchvideocanbestoredinanumberofmoderncontainers,thedevelopmentofMP4isimportantbecauseitgiveshobbyistsareplacementfortheoutdatedAVIcontainerwhichbecamethestandardforMPEG-4ASPvideo.12MP5MP5PlayersintegratemorefunctionsthanMP4Players,whichsupportmoremediaformats,thisisthebiggestdifferencebetweenMP5andMP4.MoviefanscanconvenientlytransferredRealCompany’sRMandRMVBformatfrominternetsourcestotheirMP5players.Notes1．technologyforbroadcastinginformation-radio,television;andtechnologyforcommunicatingthroughvoiceandsoundorimages-microphone,camera,loudspeaker,telephonetocellularphones.此句中隐含的意思是ICT也包括广播信息技术，因为此句的前面是一个分号“;”结束。2．此句中的it是指ICT（信息与通信技术）。3．此句中的it是指ICT。.4．Thefullgamutofthisapplicationsoftware,fromthesmallesthome-developedspreadsheettothelargestenterprisepackagesandonlinesoftw