美国文学考试题

一选择题（20个共20分）1.JamesFenimoreCooper作品TheLeatherstockingTales,《皮袜子故事集》2.PhilipFreneauThewildHoneySuckle《野忍冬花》3.EdgarAllanPoeToHelen4.HenryDavidThoreauWalden《瓦尔登湖》5.AmericanRomanticism浪漫主义Period:fromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakofthecivilwarItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWhitman’sLeavesofGrass6.NathanielHawthorneTheScarletLetter《红字》7.美国内战（南北战争）时间1861.4.12—1865.4.98.WestwardMovement西进运动，开始于18世纪末，终于19世纪末20世纪初。9.HenryJamesThePortraitofaLady《一个女人的画像》10.RalphWaldoEmersonNature《论自然》11.JohnSmithFirstAmericanwriter12.HermanMelvilleMoby-Dick《大白鲸》二连线题（作者和作品10分）1.BenjaminFranklinTheAutobiography2.O.HenryTheCopandtheAnthem《警察与赞美诗》3.JackLondonTheSeaWolf《海狼》三名词解释2个（以下四选二，共10分）1.AmericanDreamThefreedomallowingallAmericanpeopletopursuetheirgoalsinlifethroughhardworkandfreechoice.(1分)Itoftenreferstotheopportunityforimmigrantstoachievegreatermaterialprosperitythanwaspossibleintheircountriesoforigin.(2分)ThefoundingFathersusedthephrase,“life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness”toencompassallthatisavailableinAmerican.It’stheopportunitytomakeindividualchoiceswithouttherestrictionsofclass,raceorreligion.(2分)2.AmericanPuritanism美国清教主义Areligiousmovementinthelate16thcentury，Itsentanoffshoot(分支)inthethirdandfourthdecadesofthe17thcenturytothenorthernEnglishcoloniesintheNewWorld，Itlaidthefoundationforthereligious,intellectualandsocialorderoftheNewWorld。Puritanswantedto“purifythechurch”toitsoriginalstate,becausetheythoughtthechurchwascorruptedandhadtoomanyrituals。TobeaPuritan:takingreligionasthemostimportantthing;livingforglorifyingGod.3.AmericanRomanticism浪漫主义(1)TheRomanticismPeriodstretchesfromtheendof18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ItisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature.ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWhitman’sLeavesofGrass.(2)Itwasrebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.4.AmericanLiteraturemainlyreferstoliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbypeoplelivingintheU.S..ItalsoincludesliteratureproducedinothercountriesbyAmericanexpatriatesandinotherlanguagesbyminoritiesinthecountrysuchasAmericanIndianliteratureandtheJewishliterature.四赏析题1-2诗的赏析两首诗二选一答题标准：标出韵脚5分，中文译文15分共20分。1.ToHelen海伦，你的美在我眼里a有如往日尼西亚的三桅船b船行在飘香的海上，悠悠地a把已惓于漂泊的困乏船员b送回他故乡的海岸b早已习惯于在怒海上飘荡a你典雅的面庞，你的鬈发b你水神般的风姿带我返航a光荣属于希腊b伟大属于罗马a看哪！壁龛似的明亮窗户里a我看见你站着，多像尊雕塑b一盏玛瑙的灯你拿在手上b塞姬女神哪，神圣的土地a才是你的家乡！b2.TheWildHoneySuckle《野忍冬花》美丽的花啊，你长得这么秀丽a却藏身在这僻静，沉闷的地方b无人触及你含蜜的芬芳a你纤弱的枝杈无人欣赏b没游来荡去的脚把你踩踏c无多事的手惹你落泪c大自然授你白色的裙裳a她命你远遁世俗的眼光b她布置树荫把你护卫起来a又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁b你的夏天就这样静静流逝c这时候你日见萎焉终将安息c那些难免消逝的美使我销魂a想起你未来的结局我就心疼b别的那些花儿也不比你幸运a虽开放在伊甸园也早已凋零b无情的寒霜再加秋日的威力c会叫这花朵消逝的一无踪迹c朝阳和寒霜曾把你养育a让你这小小的生命来到这世上b原来若没有，就没什么失去a因为你的死让你同先前一样b这来去之间，不过是一个钟点c这就是脆弱的花享有的天年c3-4片段赏析二选一答题标准：出处，作者，韵律（几步抑扬格），主题思想（歌颂了，表达了）Question(1)Whichpoemiscalledthe“mostperfectbriefpoeminthelanguage”?(2)Besideshispoems,healsotranslatedtwoimportantworksintoEnglishBlankverse.Whatarethey?答：Toawaterfowl“themostperfectbriefpoeminthelanguage”describesthepoet’sobservationofabirdescapingfromafowler(hunter)onthehorizonatsunsetDivinepower/guidesandprotectslifeMeter:Vainlythefowler'seyethreeiambicfeetMightmarkthydistantflighttodotheewrongfiveiambicfeetAs,darklypaintedonthecrimsonskyfiveiambicfeetThyfigurefloatsalongthreeiambicfeet(1)Ineachstanza,thepoetusesiambictrimiterinlines1and4butiambicpentameterinlines2and3.(2)Thesecondstanzaillustratesthisformat:Analysis(1)ThepoemrepresentsearlystagesofAmericanRomanticismthroughcelebrationofNatureandGod’spresencewithinNature.(2)BryantisacknowledgedasbeingskillfulatdepictingAmericansceneryandhisnaturaldetailsareoftencombinedwithauniversalmoral,asinToaWaterfowl”AnnabelLee《安娜贝尔丽》Inthepoem,Poeexaminesathemewhichheexaminesinmanyofhisworks:thedeathofabeautifulwoman.ItisapoemwritteninmemoryofhisdeceasedyoungwifeVirginiaClemm.Thepoemispermeatedwithmelancholy.ThepoemcoincideswithPoe’spoetics.Itisreadableatonesitting.Inthepoem,Poeexaminesathemewhichheexaminesinmanyofhisworks:thedeathofayoungprettywoman,which,accordingtohim,is“unquestionably,themostpoeticaltopicintheworld.”Thepoemisfilledwithmelancholyashebelieves“melancholyisthemostlegitimate[lə‘dʒɪtəmɪt](合理的)ofallthepoetictones.五问答题1.爱伦坡的文学成就10分EdgarAllanPoe，fatherofmodernshortstory，fatherofdetectivestory，fatherofpsychoanalytic(精神分析的)criticism。Poems1.theory1.Poemsshouldbeshort,conciseandreadableatonesitting.2.Theaimofpoemwritingisbeauty;themostbeautifulthingdescribedbyapoemisthedeathofabeautifulwoman;thedesirabletoneofapoemismelancholy[melənkəlɪ]（忧郁）.3.Hestressedtheformofpoem,especiallythebeautifulandneatrhyme.4.FamousPoems:TheRaven,AnnabelLee,ToHelen《红字》TheScarletLetter答题要点：summary+comment基本人物，情节，故事时间，背景，人物分析。写评价，反映了霍桑…（罪恶是一种与生俱来的东西）TheSymbolicMeaningoftheFourMajorCharacters1.Hester。Beauty，strongwillandendurance，kindness。HesterPrynne:ThisbookisnotapraiseofHesterPrynnesinning,butahymn(赞歌)onthemoralgrowthofthewomanwhensinnedagainst.Hester’slifeeventuallyacquiresarealsignificancewhenshereestablishesameaningfulrelationshipwithherfellowmen。Symbolicmeaningofhermoraldevelopmentisthegradual,subtlechangewhi