Unit11文化与汉英翻译

中国文化与汉英翻译Unit11•教学目的要求：了解中国文化及其翻译。•教学重点：了解如何翻译典型的中国文化的篇章。•教学难点：中国文化中的有关专有名词。PartI.语言与文化•文化是人类在认识世界和改造客观世界的社会活动中相互联系、相互影响、相互作用时建立起来的，是一个社会的物质文明和精神文明的总和。文化与语言的关系•语言与文化相辅相成，语言是文化的重要组成部分，也是文化赖以传播的物质表达形式。（李运兴)•语言和文化共生，共存。（游汝杰)•Languageisasubstantialbutpartialreflectionofaculture.(Newmark,1991:73)PartII.文化的处理模式◆1.文化直入（theGo-aheadModel）--源语文化表达形式直接进入译文。•采用音译或直译:阴阳（yinandyang），旗袍(qipao,cheongsam)，气功(qigong)，开放(kaifang)，江湖(jianghu)•直译如：hot-dog（热狗）五讲四美fivestressesandfourpointsofbeauty◆2.文化阻断(theBlockModel)—源语文化表达形式消失，文化意义没有进入译入语语篇。主要是自谦语：鄙人（I），贱内(mywife)，浅谈(on)◆3.文化诠释(theAnnotationModel)---为源语文化表达形式提供文化语境信息。•炒锅：开始翻译成round-bottomedfryingpan-----fryingwok◆4.文化融合（theIntegrationModel）源语文化表达形式与译语表达形式融合，以一种新语言形式进入译语。如：卡拉OK/CD机/X光片/GRE考试/GDP增长速度/干红中干源于英语dry,表示notsweet◆5.文化归化(theAdaptationModel)---源语表达形式略去,代之以译语的形式，源语文化意义丧失。例：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。Hewhokeepscompanywiththewolfwilllearntohowl.PartIII译例分析•春节，又称农历新年，它是中国最重大的传统节日。时间通常在一月底，二月初，象征着一年辛劳后，冬春之交的休息和放松，也象征了喜庆。TheSpringFestival,alsoknownastheLunarNewYear,isthegreatesttraditionalfestivalinChina.ItisusuallyatimebetweenlateJanuaryorearlyFebruary,whichmeansrestandrelaxationbetweenwinterandspringafterayear’stoil,andmeanscelebrationaswell.春节前，人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴大红对联、放鞭炮。据传说，这样做是为了驱赶一个叫“年”的魔鬼。除夕之夜，一大家子定会在一起会餐，最受欢迎的主食是饺子，人们认为它能带来好运吉祥。BeforetheSpringFestival,peoplecleantheirhouses,putredcoupletsontheirgates,andsetofffirecrackers,accordingtofairytales,fordrivingademonnamedNianaway.OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,aget-togetherbanquetisamust,andthemostpopularfoodisJiaozi,whichissupposedtobringgoodfortune.在新年的第一天，每人都穿上新衣服，走亲访友并且鞠躬祝福，为的是新年能有好运气。Onthefirstdayofthenewyear,everybodywearsnewclothesandgreetsrelativesandfriendswithbowsandcongratulationswishingeachotherthebestduringthenewyear.[春节的有关词汇]•过年•Guo-nian;havetheSpringFestival•对联•poeticcouplet:twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry•春联•SpringFestivalcouplets•剪纸•paper-cuts[春节的有关词汇]•年画•NewYearpaintings•买年货•specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestival;doSpringFestivalshopping•敬酒•proposeatoast•灯笼•lantern:aportablelight[春节的有关词汇]•烟花•Fireworks•爆竹•firecrackers(Peoplescareoffevilspiritsandghostswiththeloudpop.)•红包•redpackets(cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealthinthecomingyear.)[春节的有关词汇]•舞狮•liondance(Thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodluck.)•舞龙•dragondance(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)•戏曲•traditionalopera•杂耍•varietyshow[春节的有关词汇]•灯谜•riddleswrittenonlanterns•灯会•exhibitoflanterns•守岁•staying-up•拜年•payNewYear’scall;giveNewYear’sgreetings;NewYear’svisit[春节的有关词汇]•禁忌•taboo•去晦气•getridoftheill-fortune•祭祖宗•offersacrificestoone’sancestors•压岁钱•giftmoney;moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargift春节的有关词汇]•辞旧岁•bidfarewelltotheoldyear•扫房•springcleaning;generalhouse-cleaning•年糕•Nian-gao;ricecake;NewYearcake•团圆饭•familyreuniondinner[春节的有关词汇]•年夜饭•thedinneronNewYear‘sEve•饺子•Jiao-zi;Chinesemeatravioli•汤圆•Tang-yuan;dumplingsmadeofsweetrice,rolledintoballsandstuffedwitheithersweetorspicyfillings中国传统节日•春节(农历正月初一)•theSpringFestival（NewYear‘sDayoftheChineselunarcalendar）•元宵节(灯节)(农历正月十五)•theLanternFestival•清明节(四月五日前后)•theQingmingFestival中国传统节日•端午节(农历五月初五)•theDragon-BoatFestival•中秋节(农历八月十五)•theMid-AutumnFestival（theMoonFestival）•重阳节(农历九月初九)•theDouble-NinthDay•情人节(农历七月初七)•theDouble-SeventhDayExercise：译例分析2•中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族，结婚仪式都很复杂。Chinaisalargecountrywith56nationalities.Differentnationalitieshavedifferentmarriagecustoms,butwhateverthenationalityis,theweddingceremonyisusuallyverycomplicated.传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤，它们是：说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此外，如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行：在一对新人订婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。ThetraditionalChinesemarriageusuallyinvolves6necessaryprocedures,namely:match-making,engagement,betrothalpresents,meetingthebride,threebows,anddrinkingwedlockwine.Inaddition,atypicalChineseweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis:whenanewcoupleisengaged,whatfollowedisachoiceofthedateoftheirmarriage.•大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过，有一些人，尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这样就是双喜临门了。MostpeoplewouldfavorabankholidayorspecialChinesefestivalfortheirrelativesandfriendstoattendthewedding.However,quiteafewothers,especiallythoseinthecountryside,wouldprobablyaskafortune-tellerforaluckydate(usuallyanevennumber)sothattheirmarriagewouldhave“DoubleHappiness”.婚礼庆典很隆重，最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝愿新人“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。”以及早生贵子等等。Theweddingceremonyisusuallypresidedwarmly,andtheweddingceremonyveryoftenendswithaveryextravagantbanquet.Toastsaremadetowishthenewcouplelonglife,eternalloveandhappiness,earlybirthofahealthybabyandsoon.[关于结婚]•结婚典礼weddingceremony•结婚纪念日weddinganniversary•新娘bride•新郎bridegroomorgroom•主婚人officiator•牧师pastor•伴郎groomsman•伴娘bridesmaid•蜜月honeymoon评介下面译文，并予以改进•“诸位记者！”他咳嗽了声，站了起来。但是那些正在谈笑的招待对象，并未注意他的动作。连坐在附近的官方记者也没有特别的反应。•“Reporters!”Hecoughedandstoodup.Thesewhowereinvitedwereonlychatteringandlaughingwithoutpayinganyattentiontohisgesture.Eventhegovernmentalreporterssittingnearbyfailedtomakespecialresponse.DavidCameron’sinauguralspeech•HERMAJESTYthequeenhasaskedmetoformanewgovernmentandIhaveaccepted。BeforeItalkaboutthatnewgovernment,letmesaysomethingabouttheonethathasjustpassed.Comparedwithadecadeago,thiscountryismoreopen