2021医学考研复试：消化内科[SC长难句翻译文]

SimonK.Colorectalcancerdevelopmentandadvancesinscreening.ClinIntervAging.2016Jul19;11:967-76.木仓医学考研复试SCI长难句消化内科第一章—结直肠癌Colorectalcancer(CRC)isthethirdmostcommoncancerintheworld,withabout1.4millioncasesdiagnosedworldwidein2012.TheprognosisforCRCpatientsislargelydependentonthestageofthetumoratdiagnosis.IntheUSA,the5-yearsurvivalratesfollowingsurgicalremovaloftumorsforlocalized(stageI),regional(stagesIIandIII)anddistant(stageIV)casesare91.1,71.7and13.3%,respectively.CurrentoptionsforstandardtreatmentofCRCincludesurgicalremovalaloneforstageIandformostofstageIICRCsandsurgicalremovalfollowedbyadjuvant5-fluoruracil(5-FU)-basedchemotherapyforhigh-riskstageIIandstageIIICRCs.FormetastaticstageIVdisease,surgicalremovaloftheprimaryCRCand/ormetastaticlesionsisfollowedbytherapyusingavarietyofchemotherapyandtargetedtreatments.结直肠癌(CRC)是世界上第三常见的癌症，在2012年，全球约有140万例确诊病例。CRC患者的预后在很大程度上取决于确诊时肿瘤的分期。在美国，肿瘤手术切除后原位(I期)、局部(II期、III期)和远处转移(IV期)病例的5年生存率分别为91.1、71.7和13.3%。目前对CRC的标准治疗方案包括，对于I期和大部分II期CRCs单纯进行手术切除，对高危II期和III期CRCs进行手术切除联合以5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)为基础的辅助化疗。对于转移性IV期的患者，用手术切除主要的CRC和/或转移病灶后，再采用多种化疗和靶向治疗进行治疗。知识点总结：1colorectaladj.结直肠的2col（o）-前缀，表示结肠3prognosisn.预后4tumorn.肿瘤SimonK.Colorectalcancerdevelopmentandadvancesinscreening.ClinIntervAging.2016Jul19;11:967-76.55-yearsurvivalrate五年生存率6localizedadj.原位的7adjuvantadj.辅助的/n.佐剂8metastaticadj.转移性的9lesionn.损伤，病变10targetedtreatment靶向治疗WehkampJ,GötzM,HerrlingerK,SteurerW,StangeEF.InflammatoryBowelDisease.DtschArzteblInt.2016Feb5;113(5):72-82.木仓医学考研复试SCI长难句消化内科第二章—肝硬化Cirrhosisisadiffusepathophysiologicalstateoftheliverconsideredtobethefinalstageofvariousliverinjuries,characterizedbychronicnecroinflammatoryandfibrogeneticprocesses,withsubsequentconversionofnormalliverarchitectureintostructurallyabnormalnodules,densefibroticsepta,concomitantcollapseofthelivertissue.AlcoholicliverdiseaseandchronicinfectionsduetoHBVand/orHCVconstitutethemaincausesoflivercirrhosisworldwide.肝硬化是肝脏的一种弥漫性病理生理状态，被认为是各种肝损伤的最后阶段，表现为慢性坏死性炎性反应和纤维化过程，随后正常肝脏结构转化为结构异常的结节，产生致密的纤维板层，同时伴有肝组织的破坏。酒精性肝病和乙型肝炎病毒和/或丙肝病毒引起的慢性感染是全世界肝硬化的主要病因。知识点总结：①cirrhosisn.肝硬化②diffuseadj.弥漫性的③pathophysiologicaladj.病理生理的④necroinflammatoryn.坏死性炎症⑤fibrogeneticadj.纤维发生的⑥subsequentadj.随后的⑦conversionn.转变⑧nodulen.结节⑨septan.隔板，隔膜（septum的复数）⑩concomitantadj.伴随的⑪alcoholicn.酒精的WehkampJ,GötzM,HerrlingerK,SteurerW,StangeEF.InflammatoryBowelDisease.DtschArzteblInt.2016Feb5;113(5):72-82.木仓医学考研复试SCI长难句消化内科第三章—上消化道出血Bleedingintheuppergastrointestinal(GI)tractisafrequentandcomplexemergency.Thereareguidelinesforacutemedicaltreatment,establishedendoscopictreatmentaswellassurgicalandradiologicalrescueprocedures.Nevertheless,themortalityoftheupperGItractbleedingishigh,whichisduetothefactthataffectedpatientsoftenhaveseriouspreexistingillnesses.上消化道出血是一种常见而复杂的急症。虽然有紧急药物治疗，确定的内镜治疗以及外科和放射的治疗流程，然而，由于患者往往患有严重的既往疾病，上消化道出血的死亡率（仍然）很高。知识点总结：1upperadj.上面的2gastrointestinaladj.胃肠道的3gastr（o）-前缀，表示胃4endoscopicadj.内镜的5radiologicaladj.放射学的6mortalityn.死亡率7preexistingadj.先存的WehkampJ,GötzM,HerrlingerK,SteurerW,StangeEF.InflammatoryBowelDisease.DtschArzteblInt.2016Feb5;113(5):72-82.木仓医学考研复试SCI长难句消化内科第四章—炎性肠病Typically,themainclinicalfeaturesofinflammatoryboweldiseasesarediarrhea,abdominalpain,and,inthecaseofulcerativecolitis,analbleeding.Thesediseasesareduetoacompleximmunologicaldisturbancewithbothgeneticandenvironmentalcauses.Adefectivemucosalbarrieragainstcommensalbowelfloraplaysamajorroleintheirpathogenesis.Thediagnosisisbasedonlaboratorytesting,ultrasonography,imagingstudies,and,aboveall,gastrointestinalendoscopy.通常，炎症性肠病的主要临床特征是腹泻、腹痛，如果是溃疡性结肠炎，则表现为肛门出血。这些疾病是由遗传和环境因素引起的复杂的免疫紊乱导致的。抵抗共生的肠道菌群的粘膜屏障受损在（炎症性肠病）发病机制中起着重要作用。（炎性肠病的）诊断基于实验室检查，超声检查，影像学检查，尤其是胃肠内窥镜检查。知识点总结：①diarrhean.腹泻②abdominaladj.腹部的③ulcerativecolitisn.溃疡性结肠炎④analadj.肛门的⑤immunologicaladj.免疫的⑥disturbancen.干扰，紊乱⑦mucosaladj.黏膜的⑧commensaladj.共生的⑨floran.群⑩pathogenesisn.发病机制⑪laboratorytesting实验室检查⑫ultrasonographyn.超声诊断⑬endoscopyn.内镜WehkampJ,GötzM,HerrlingerK,SteurerW,StangeEF.InflammatoryBowelDisease.DtschArzteblInt.2016Feb5;113(5):72-82.