虚拟语气

虚拟语气的概念•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气在在条件从句中一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用were)Would/could/might/should表示过去情况过去完成式(had+done上面4个情态动词+havedone表示将来情况①过去式(did)②should+do③weretodo4个情态动词+do虚拟语气在在条件从句中[例句]1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在在条件从句中二、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。•IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…•Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldnotbeinprisonnow.Ifyoushouldseehimtomorrow,pleasegivehimmybestregards.IfIwereyourage,Iwouldstudyabroadforadoctor’sdegree.Ifitwerewarmertoday,Iwouldgoswimminginthesea.Ifitwerenotforhiswife,hewouldbelivingadog’slife.Ifhehadnotphoned110intime,therobberswouldn’thavebeencaught.Ifyouweretochangeyourmind,letmeknow.HadIfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldn’tbeinprisonnow.Shouldyouseehimtomorrow,pleasegivehimmybestregards.WereIyourage,Iwouldstudyabroadforadoctor’sdegreeWereitwarmertoday,Iwouldgoswimminginthesea.Wereitnotforhiswife,hewouldbelivingadog’slife.Hadhenotphoned110intime,therobberswouldn’thavebeencaught.Wereyoutochangeyourmind,letmeknow.虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：三、错综时间的条件句即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：1.Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.2.Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn'tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.Ididn’tsetthealarmclocklastnight,soIamlatenow.Ihadverylittlefoodforsupper,soIamstarvingnow.Iampennilessnowbecausemyhousegotburntlastmonth.IamanordinaryworkernowsimplybecauseIdidn’treceiveuniversityeducationwhenyoung.Theirteamrankthelastbecausetheylostthreegamesinarow.Sheisdisabledbecauseshehadatrafficaccidentlastyear.虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望(wish),建议(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)等。2、除wish外，其它动词用should+do构成,should可以省略。3、wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式2)过去：用过去完成式(haddone)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中[例句]1.Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边。2.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit.他想要是他没这样做该多好。5.Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。4、记住：insist/suggest不同意思，用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式Insist表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气\Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。[例句]1)Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。2)Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。3)Heinsistedthathewasright.1.Thestudentinsistedthathe_____(be)allrightand_______(refuse)togototheclinic.2.Thelawyersuggestedthathisclient____________(ask)hisbossforcompensationfortheaccident.3.His___________(disappoint)looksuggestedthathe___________(fail)topassthetest.4.Iinsisthe_____________(notchoose)asateammemberonaccountofhissmallsize.5.Thewitnessinsistedthathe________(see)apersonclimbthroughthewindow.6.Thegloomyweathersuggestswe______(have)rainlydaytomorrow.wasrefusedshouldaskdisappointedhadfailednotbechosenhadseenwill5.在would(had)rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.Iwouldratherwehadn’tboughttheflathere.It’srathercoldtoday.Idon’tliketobeaboy.Iwenttoseethemovie,butitwasrubbish.Wehavetohavethreeclassesintheevening.Iftheboygoeswithus,heissuretomakealotofnoise.Iboughtthepaperinanattempttogetsomemeaningfulnews,butIfailed.虚拟语气在在主语从句中在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形[例句]1.It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3.It’simportantthatyourinjuredhandnotbeexposedtothesun.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish/desire)、建议(suggestion/advice)要求(requirement/demand)、命令(order,command)等的名词，表语从句和同位语从句的谓语动词用(should)+do.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch.•Suggestion,advice,requirement,order,proposal,•The___________thatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.•Everybodyobeyedhis_______thattheystaytherestill.•The____________thatalltheapplicantsshouldspeakthreelanguageistoohigh.•Idowishhewouldtakeyour______hestayinbedforsometimetorecover.suggestionorderrequirementadvice虚拟语气在在asif从句中在asif从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).一、asif连接表语从句shelookedasifshewereanangel.Helookedasifhehadn’tsleptfortwodays.二、asif连接让步状语从句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.虚拟语气中的几个特例1.ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.2.It’s(high/right)timethat…that从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should+doIt’stimethatyoulefthere.MakesentenceswithIfonly1.Iampoorasachurchmouse.2.Iamadwarf.3.IamtoooldtosharethejoyofallthefuninHappyValleywithyou.4.Wehaveloadsofhomeworktodoeveryday.5.Iwasborninthemiddleofthe20thcentury,s