中国绿色建筑：亟需发展Green-building-in-China-Needs-great-pro

SustainableCitiesandSociety11(2014)1–6ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectSustainableCitiesandSocietyjournalhomepage::NeedsgreatpromotionYananLia,∗,LiYangb,BaojieHea,DoudouZhaoaaDepartmentofEnvironmentandArchitecture,UniversityofShanghaiforScienceandTechnology,Shanghai,PRChinabCollegeofArchitectureandUrbanPlanning,TongjiUniversity,InstituteforAdvancedStudyinArchitectureandUrbanPlanning,KeyLaboratoryofEcologyandEnergySavingStudyofDenseHabitat(TongjiUniversity),MinistryofEducation,Shanghai,PRChinaarticleinfoKeywords:GreenbuildingBuildingenergyconsumptionEnergy-savingabstractResourcedepletionandenvironmentpollutionisagreatchallengeintheworldtoday.Asthemainhumanlivingenvironment,buildingisoneofthemaincontributorofenergyconsumptionandpollutionemission,constructionindustryhasbecomethefocusofenergyconservationandemissionreduction.Chinahasbeentheworld’slargestcarbonemitterandtheworld’slargestenergyconsumercountrysince2011.Tosolvethesetwoissues,thepromotionofgreenbuilding(GB)isofgreaturgency.ThisarticleanalyzedGBsituationandchallengesinChina,andthenpointedoutsomespecialrequirementsofGB.Atlast,authorsputforwardsomesuggestionstopromotethedevelopmentofGBaccordingtocurrentsituationsinChinaincluding:takingmeasurestoenhanceawarenessofstakeholders,strengtheningtechnologyresearchandcommunicationandestablishingcodesandregulations.©2013ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.Introduction1.1.TheconceptofgreenbuildingTheconceptofGBinChinaisdevelopedfrom“Energy-SavingandLand-SavingResidentialBuilding”launchedbythecentralgov-ernmentin2004.Tobespecific,theGBshouldbeenergy-saving,land-saving,water-savingandmaterial-saving,environment-benignandpollution-reducing,summarizedas“Four-davingandOne-benign”.ItisdefinedinChinesenationalstandard,Evalua-tionStandardforGreenBuilding,enactedin2006(MinistryofConstruction,2006).Theso-called“green”,isnotthegeneralmean-ingofgreen,butaconceptorsymbol.Itstressespeople-orientedandputsemphasisonsustainabledevelopmentandenvironmen-talsymbiosistoachieveharmoniouscoexistenceamongpeople,natureandbuilding.GBisalsoknownasecologicalbuilding,sus-tainablebuilding,energy-savingbuilding,etc.Itsultimategoalislowconsumptionandlowemission,butthe“low”doesnotmeanhigh-techorhighinvestment.Actually,GBisaclimateadaptativebuilding,whichrequiresadoptingappropriatetechnologyasmuchaspossibletoreduceenergyconsumption,meanwhilematerialsshouldberecycledandfullylocalizedtoachievethelowestcostofenergyandcomfort.∗Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone].E-mailaddresses:[e-mail],[e-mail](Y.Li).1.2.OriginofgreenbuildingThecuratorofArchitectureandDesignLibraryinAmericanNationalBuildingMuseum,GiessenDavid,pointedoutthattheseedsofGBcantracebacktoacenturyormoreago.Accordingtothis,thebirthofBritishPalaceinthefirstworldexpoandGal-leriaVittorioEmmanueleinMilanintheearly19thcenturyhavebeguntousepassivesystemsuchasrooffanandundergroundaircoolingboxtoregulateindoortemperature.Earlyatthe20thcen-tury,FlatironBuildingandNewYorkTimesBuildinginUShavedesignedwindowsembeddedintowallstoreducesunlight.Eco-logicalsystemandnaturalenvironmenthavealreadybeentakenintoconsiderationinearlyarchitecturaldesign,whichbecomethebudsofgreenbuilding.Untilthe1960s,AmericanarchitectPaolaSolericombinedthetwowords“ecology”and“building”together,andputforwardthenewideaof“ecologicalbuilding”(greenbuild-ing).In1969,thepublicationofthebook“DesignwithNature”byAmericanarchitectIanLennoxMcHarg,markedthebirthofecolog-icalarchitecture.Throughmorethanhalfacentury,GBhasbecomeanewbuildingstylethatfullyintegratedenergy-saving,buildingdesignandenvironmental-protectionfromitsinitialsimplemode,anditismoreadaptabletocurrentsituationofenergyshortage,soitisanewtrendofbuildingdevelopmentmodel.1.3.GlobalactionstodevelopgreenbuildingTocreateabetterenvironmentfordevelopingGB,countriesaroundtheworldbegantoformulaterelevantstandards.TheUnitedStatesenactedtheASHRAE(AmericanSocietyofHeating2210-6707/$–seefrontmatter©2013ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.(2014)1–6RefrigeratingandAirconditioningEngineers)standard“Energy-savinginDesignforNewBuilding”forthefirsttimein1975.UKbegantocreateGBstandardsasearlyasin1990(Chegutetal.,2011),andallbuildingsshouldsatisfygreenbuildingcriteriafrom2008inBritain(Bulkeleyetal.,2011);In2009,BritainannouncedLowCarbonTransitionPlan,requiredallnewbuildingsachievingzero-emissionfrom2016,allnewpublicbuildingsfrom2018,allofficebuildingsfrom2019andallresidentialfinishSmartMetersinstallationbefore2020(Peters,Fudge,&Sinclair,2010).Recently,EuropeanUnionpromulgatedamoreadvancedandperfectlegalsysteminenergysavingfield,whichisentitledBuildingEnergyEffi-ciencyPerformanceLaw.Thelawrequiresallstateorstate-usenewbuildingsmustbeclosetozeroenergyconsumptionby2020.Fromanearlystart,buildingenergy-savingworkhadachievedgreatachievementsinsomedevelopedcountries.InDenmark,Heatingareaincreasedby30%from1972to1985,buttheheatingenergyconsumptiondecreasedby3.1