工作分析和工作计划（英文PPT25页）

ChapterPARTTWO-STAFFINGTHEORGANIZATIONJobAnalysisandJobDesign5McGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-2Chapter5OverviewBasicTerminologyJobAnalysisJobDesignMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-3BasicTerminologyJobAnalysisProductsofJobAnalysisJobAnalysisMethodsObservationInterviewsQuestionnairesFunctionalJobAnalysisDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesO*NETDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesTheADAandJobAnalysisPotentialProblemswithJobAnalysisMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-4Figure5.1|RelationshipamongDifferentJobComponentsMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-5BasicTerminologyJobAnalysisProductsofJobAnalysisJobAnalysisMethodsObservationInterviewsQuestionnairesFunctionalJobAnalysisDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesO*NETDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesTheADAandJobAnalysisPotentialProblemswithJobAnalysisMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-6Table5.1AreaofInformationContentsJobtitleandlocationNameofjobandwhereitislocated.OrganizationalrelationshipAbriefexplanationofthenumberofpersonssupervised(ifapplicable)andthejobtitle(s)oftheposition(s)supervised.Astatementconcerningsupervisionreceived.RelationtootherjobsDescribesandoutlinesthecoordinationrequiredbythejob.JobsummaryCondensedexplanationofthecontentofthejob.InformationconcerningThecontentofthisareavariesgreatlyfromjobjobrequirementstojobandfromorganizationtoorganization.Typicallyitincludesinformationonsuchtopicsasmachines,tools,andmaterials;mentalcomplexityandattentionrequired;physicaldemandsandworkingconditions.InformationProvidedbyaJobAnalysisMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-7BasicTerminologyJobAnalysisProductsofJobAnalysisJobAnalysisMethodsObservationInterviewsQuestionnairesFunctionalJobAnalysisDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesO*NETDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesTheADAandJobAnalysisPotentialProblemswithJobAnalysisMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-8Table5.2Ajobdescriptionshouldbeaformal,writtendocument,usuallyfromonetothreepageslong.Itshouldincludethefollowing:Datewritten.JobStatus(full-timeorpart-time;salaryorwage).Positiontitle.Jobsummary(asynopsisofthejobresponsibilities).Detailedlistofdutiesandresponsibilities.Supervisionreceived(towhomthejobholderreports).Supervisionexercised,ifany(whoreportstothisemployee).Principalcontacts(inandoutsidetheorganization).Relatedmeetingstobeattendedandreportstobefiled.Competencyorpositionrequirements.Requirededucationandexperience.Careermobility(position[s]forwhichjobholdermayqualifynext).ContentsofaJobDescriptionMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-9BasicTerminologyJobAnalysisProductsofJobAnalysisJobAnalysisMethodsObservationInterviewsQuestionnairesFunctionalJobAnalysisDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesO*NETDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesTheADAandJobAnalysisPotentialProblemswithJobAnalysisBasicTerminologyJobAnalysisProductsofJobAnalysisJobAnalysisMethodsObservationInterviewsQuestionnairesFunctionalJobAnalysisDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesO*NETDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesTheADAandJobAnalysisPotentialProblemswithJobAnalysisBasicTerminologyJobAnalysisProductsofJobAnalysisJobAnalysisMethodsObservationInterviewsQuestionnairesFunctionalJobAnalysisDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesO*NETDictionaryofOccupationalTitlesTheADAandJobAnalysisPotentialProblemswithJobAnalysisMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-10Table5.3CategoryInformationinputMentalprocessesPhysicalactivitiesRelationshipswithotherpeopleJobcontextOtherjobcharacteristicsDescriptionWhereandhowdoestheemployeegettheinformationusedinperformingthejob?Whatreasoning,decision-making,planning,andinformation-processingactivitiesareinvolvedinperformingthejob?Whatphysicalactivitiesdoestheemployeeperform,andwhattoolsordevicesareused?Whatrelationshipswithotherpeoplearerequiredinperformingthejob?Inwhatphysicalorsocialcontestistheworkperformed?Whatactivities,conditions,orcharacteristicsotherthanthosedescribedabovearerelevanttothejob?ExamplesUseofwrittenmaterials.Near-visualdifferentiation.Levelofreasoninginproblemsolving.Coding/decoding.Useofkeyboarddevices.Assembling/disassembling.Instructing.Contactswithpublic,and/orcustomers.Hightemperature.Interpersonalconflictsituations.Specifiedworkpace.Amountofjobstructure.EmployeeActivityCategoriesUsedinthePAQMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2004TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5-11Table5.4Source:E.J.McCormick,P.R.Jeanneret,andR.C.Mecham,PositionAnalysisQuestionnaire.Copyright1969byPurdueResearchFoundation,WestLafayette,Ind.Reprintedwithpermission.SamplepagefromthePositionAnalysisQuestionnaire(PAQ)InformationinputI.ISourcesofJobInformationRateeachofthefollowingitemsintermsoftheextenttowhichitisusedbytheworkerasasourceofinformationinp