高中英语动词不定式(共26张PPT)

不定式不定式是非限定动词。它有两种形式：一是带to不定式，一是不带to不定式即动词原形不定式在句子当中不能单独做谓语，但可用作主语，表语，宾语，定于，状语，宾语补足语，主语补足语等。不定式的形式语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing__完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing___1、动词不定式短语作主语时可位于句首，也常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.=ItisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutesToloseyourheartmeansfailure.=常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+todo。2、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo。3、It+be+形容词+ofsb+todo。4、It+be+形容词+forsb.+todo。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。Itisbettertodieonone’sfeetthan____A.livingonone’skneesB.liveonone’skneesC.onone’skneesD.toliveonone’sknees2、作表语Herjobistocleanthehall.Hisambitionistobecomeasuccessfulscientist.Theownerandeditorofthenewspaper____theconference.A.wereattendingB.weretoattendC.istoattendD.aretoattend3、作宾语：①常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：afford,arrange,ask,attemptbeg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,continue,dare,decide,decline,fear,happen,hesitate,intend,learn,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,seek,tend,threaten,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer等。Weregret_____youthatthematerialsyouorderedareoutofstockA.informingB.toinformC.havinginformedD.tohaveinformedMr.Johnsonpreferred___heavierworktodo.A.tobegivenＢ.tobegivenC.tohavegivenD.havinggivenIfIhadremembered_____thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.A.tocloseB.closingC.tohavecloseD.havingclosedWe’dliketo___atableforfivefordinerthisevening.A.preserveB.reserveC.retainD.sustainHeaskedusto___themincarryingthroughtheirplan.A.provideB.arouseC.assistD.persist②疑问词+动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,know,learn,remember,show,tell,think,understand,wonder如：Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmehowtorideabike?③如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，这类动词有consider,find,make,regard,think等，例如：MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.Doyouthinkitwisetointerfere?4、不定式做介词宾语不定式用作介词宾语主要用作介词except和but的宾语。Theoldman’ssondidnothingbutplaygames.Herhusbandcandoeverythingexceptcook.Hewantednothingbuttostaythere.注意：如果but或except之前有实义动词do的限定性是或非限定形式，其宾语为不带to的不定式，否则为带to的不定式。Lotsofemptybottleswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut____(drink）Ithoughtyouhadplannedtopracticepianotoday.“Ididnothingbut___lettersallday.”A.towriteB.writeC.writingD.wrotedrink5、不定式（短语）做宾语补足语在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,expect,encourage,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.，observe,intend,press,remindwarn,lead,command等，如：Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.Hewantsyoutowaithere.Heencouragedmetoloseweight.Thestudentsexpectedthere__morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.A.isB.beingC.havebeenD.tobeAmembershipcardauthorizes___theclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodof12months.A.theholderusingB.theholder’suseC.theholdertouseD.theholderusesBecauseoftherecentaccident,ourparentsforbidmybrotherandmefromswimmingintheriverunlesssomeoneagreestowatchoverus.有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have,listento,lookat,notice,observe,等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.动词help后的不定式的to可以省去，也可以保留。Thetutorhelpsthelittlegirl(to)finishherhomeworkeveryday.Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents__wellofhim.A.tospeakB.spokeC.tohavespokenD.speakTheyaregoingtohavetheserviceman__anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installedWithdevelopmentinscienceandtechnologymancanmakevariousflowers___beforetheirtime.A.bebloomedB.bloomC.bloomedD.blooming6、不定式短语做形容词补语有很多形容词（包括变成形容词的分词）可接不定式。如：IamverygladtoseeyouThestudentsaresorrytoleave.Youarefreetogohome.Heissuretocome.但要注意：这样的形容词多是表示思想感情的，除上述形容词外，还有able,afraid,anxious,careful,content,foolish,inclined,prepared,ready,show,willing等。7、不定式（短语）做定语动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系①被修饰名词或代词与不定式之间存在这逻辑上的主谓关系，如Shehasabrothertohelpher.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.In1938PearlS.BuckbecamethefirstAmericanwoman___theNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.receiveB.receivedC.toreceiveD.shereceivedAlltheirattemptsto___thechildfromtheburningbuildingwereinvain.A.regainB.recoverC.rescueD.reserve②被修饰名词或代词与不定式之间存在这逻辑上的动宾关系，如：Itwasagametoremember.Themanagerhastoomanythingtodo.Hehasnothingtosayonthisquestion.③不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.在there+be这一句型中，动词不定式作定语时可能出现动词不定式的被动语态，其含义与主动语态基本相同。如：Therearemanybookstoread/toberead但当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动式。如：There’splentyofworktodo.(somebodyhastodothework)There’splentyofworktobedone(theworkhastobedone)注意下面两个句子的区别Thereisnothingtodo.(wehavenothingtodonow)Thereisnothingtobedone.(wecandonothingnow)Everyonehadanapplicationfrominhishand,butnooneknewwhichofficeroom_____.A.tosendittoB.tosenditC.tobesenttoD.tohaveitsentTheboy’sfatherboughthimalargetrain____.A.toplaywithB.toplaywithitC.witchtoplaywithD.atwitchtoplayThetraditionalapproach___withcomplexprobl