高中虚拟语气知识点讲解(附高考练习题)

一、什么是虚拟语气？语气：表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。例如：～Wow!～Eh..～Ohmygod!～Mayyousucceed!～Godblessyou!英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，主要用法有两种：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。二、虚拟语气的一般用法1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+S+were/didS+would/should/might/could＋V与过去事实相反的假设If+S+had+doneS+would/should/might/could＋havedone与将来事实相反的假设If+S+were/didshoulddoweretodoS+would/should/might/could＋V1.表示对现在的虚拟：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifwehadtime,wewouldattendthemeeting.2.表示对过去的虚拟：IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhaveseenyou.IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberthen,Iwouldhavecalledyou.3.表示对将来的虚拟：Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.【高考链接】1.Ifwetheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.(2010陕西卷)A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken2.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.（2010湖南）A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow3.—Ihopeyou’reenjoyingyourstayhere.—Ifit______fortheclimate,Iwouldlikeithereverymuch.（2012河北高考预测）A.isn’tB.hasn’tbeenC.weren’tD.hadn’tbeen2、省略if的虚拟语气虚拟条件句中的if在一些情况下可以省略，请看下面的例子：Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifhehadrecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.Hadherecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.IfIwereinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.小结：如果从句中含有_____________________时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if，采用倒装语序。记忆小窍门：一马当先“还属我”【高考链接】1._______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.（2012吉林高考预测）A.WouldB.ShouldC.WereD.Will3、混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.Ifyouhadtoldmethenewsyesterday,Iwouldn’tbesoworriednow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedtheconcertlastnight.小结：混合虚拟表示，一半用过去的虚拟，一半用__________的虚拟。【高考链接】1.MaybeifI______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.（2011北京）A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying2.—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables___.（2011北京）A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavedied3.—HowIwanttohavestudiedharderwhenIwasinschool.—Ifyou______,youwouldn’tworkintolateeverydaynowadays.（2012安徽高考预测）A.didB.shouldC.hadD.would4、含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,with,butfor,otherwise,or等。Withoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.Hefeltverytiredyesterday,or/otherwisehewouldhaveattendedtheparty.【高考链接】1.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.(2009福建)A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon2.Withouttheirhelp,we______theprogramintime.（2012北京高考预测）A．CannotfinishB．willnotfinishC．hadnotfinishedD．couldnothavefinished3.—Wherehaveyoubeen?—Igotcaughtintraffic,otherwiseI______hereearlier.（2012江苏高考预测）A.wouldbeB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wouldhavebeen5、半虚半不虚原则在有些句子中，并非整个句子都用虚拟语气，而是前半句表虚拟，后半句表事实，或者前半句表事实，后半句表虚拟，这类句子我们称之为“半虚半不虚”的虚拟语句。Iwouldhaveattendedthepartyyesterday,butIfellill.Iwouldloseweight,butIeatalotnow.Youfellill,or/otherwiseyouwouldhaveattendedthepartyyesterday.Heeatsalot,or/otherwisehewouldloseweightnow.【高考链接】1、—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I______it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.（2011福建）A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended2.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe_______（2010安徽）A.wasbusyB.isbusyC.hadbeenbusy.D.willbebusy6、“情态动词should/oughtto/could/may/might+havedone”表示“过去本……而事实上未……”的虚拟语气，一般表示委婉的责备。Youarelateagain.Youcouldhavecomeearlier.Youhavemadeafewmistakes.Youmighthavebeenalittlebitmorecareful.Youshouldhavetoldmeearlierthatyouweren’tabletocome.It’ssonear.Weneedn’thavetakenataxi.【高考链接】1.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.（2011天津）A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome2.—Catherine，Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.（2005福建）A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气①wish后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时should/couldhavedone表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would/could+动词原形Iwishitwerespringallyearround.Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.Shewishedshehadstayedathome.②在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist（要求），order,prefer,command,ask,request.Theteacherorderedthatallthebooks(should)behandedinontime.P.S.当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithlife.【高考链接】1.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey______alwayslate.（2011北京）A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen2.Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.(2010福建)A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow3.—Ihavegonethroughahardtimeinthelastfewyears.—Really?Iwishyou______meaboutitearlier.Afterall,wearefriends.（2012辽宁高考预测）A．toldB．hadtoldC．wouldtoldD．tell2.主语