Unit 3 Grammar宾语从句和表语从句

NounclausesastheobjectandpredicativeUnit3Grammar宾语从句、表语从句DiscussionHeboughtapen.Hedependsonit.Iamateacher.whatwesawyesterday.whatyougivehim.whatIam.及物动词或介词+宾语系动词+表语常见系动词：be,look,seem,appear,remain,等宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句即以从句形式在全句中作宾语。表语从句即以从句形式在全句中作表语。宾语从句、表语从句1.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.2.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.3.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.4.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace5.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.6.ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.7.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.8.Idon'tunderstandwhysomanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.引导宾语从句和表语从句的连词有：连词that宾从：if,whether表从：whetherHeknowsthatJimwillworkhard.连接代词who,whose,what,whichDoyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?连接副词when,where,how,whyCouldyoutellmehowwecangettothestation?以及howmuch/many/far/…和—ever(whatever,whenever,whichever,whoever,whomever,wherever,however)Idon’tknowhowfaritisfromheretoTokyo.Youcanhavewhateveryoulike.表语从句还要多两个连词：because,asif/thoughThat’sbecauseheisgoodatthinking.Itlooksasifhedoesn’tknowaboutit.如何确定连词？先看句子含义，再看从句中句子成分的完整情况1)Hesaid____hehadagoodtime.2)Ihaven’tdecided__________I’llgohome.3)I’mthinkingabout_____isfitforthejob.4)Shuifuis_____Iwork.5)Shuifuis_____Ivisit.thatif/whetherwhowherewhat句子意思、成分完整不缺----that从句是个疑问，不差特殊疑问词含义的:if/whether缺特殊疑问词含义的：该疑问词whether/ifwhether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后、不定式之前、与ornot连用、在句首或在引导表语从句同位语从句时，只能用whether。Iwanttoknowif/whetherthenewsistrue.Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.that无义，在从句中不作成分what“什么”“所……的”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语Hesaidthathewouldcomehereagain.Hechosewhatheliked.which“哪一个/一些”，已有对象，从中要做选择，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语HeshowedmesomepensandaskedmewhichoneIliked.HeaskedmewhatIliked.what“什么”“所……的”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语where“哪里”，在从句中作地点状语Wecametowherewewouldhaveapicnic.Wecametowhatwecalledfairyland.whatever“无论什么”Iagreewithwhateverhesays.Iagreewithwhathesaidjustnow.who在从句中作主语、宾语whom在从句中作宾语Iwonderwhocanreplacehimtogothere.Iwonderwho/whomthey’retalkingabout.Youshouldpayattentionto_________youthinkhasstrangebehaviours.(whoever?whomever?whoever/whomever?)whoever宾补动词+it+宾补+真正宾语find/think/feel/make+it+adj./n.+宾语从句WefinditnecessarythatweshouldpracticeEnglishoften.Theymakeitarulethattheytaketurnstodothecleaning.动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用that。Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?Idon'tdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong.Hedoubtswhether/ifIknowit.suggest/advise/request/require/demand/insist/orderthat主语+(should)do+…Thesuggestion/advice/request/requirement/order/demand/..isthat主语+(should)do+…Theysuggestedthathe(should)goatonce.Theirsuggestionwasthathe(should)goatonce.Thereasonisthat从句Thereasonisthatthey’recareful.介词后宾语从句不能用that,ifTheythinkthatyou’reright.Theythoughtaboutwhodidit.Theythoughtaboutwhethertheycouldmakeit.1Doyouknow______?A.whattimewilltheplanetakeoffB.whattimewouldtheplanetakeoffC.whattimetheplanewilltakeoffD.theplanewilltakeoffatwhattime解析:宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，故选C。2Themanagercameuptosee_______.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter解析:本题主句用了过去式，故从句要用过去范畴的时态，所以排除C和D，又因为what在从句中充当主语，所以语序不变，故选A。