unit5Discovering Useful Structures

DiscoveringusefulstructuresThepowerofnatureGrammarRevisionofV–ingform(动词-ing形式的复习）本课时重、难点•重点:①动词-ing形式的作用②动词-ing形式在做状语时的作用•难点:动词-ing形式的一般式与完成式的区别1.说出下列动词的现在分词形式：•work______sleep_____study_____•take______make_____dance_____•cut______put_______begin______•lie_______tie______die_______2.动词-ing形式的作用：观察下列例句，思考划线部分作用。(1)Thisisaninterestingbook.()(2)Themansittingbythewindowisourmathsteacher.()(3)Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.()(4)Isawtheboywalkingonthestreetyesterday.()(5)Playingfootballishisfavoritesport.()(6)Ididn’tstopworkinglastnight.()(7)MyworkisteachingEnglish.()定语定语状语宾补主语宾语表语归纳总结：◆动词-ing是____________________中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除______之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。◆在语态上，动词-ing表示_____（主动/被动的动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示______（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。动词非谓语形式谓语主动正在进行3.动词-ing形式，在做状语时的作用：(1)Istoodthere,takingabookinhand.()(2)KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.()(3)Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.()(4)Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.()(5)Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.()表伴随表让步表条件表原因表时间(二）观察下列2个句子,体会havingdone与doing的不同的用法(1)Havingwrittentheletter,Johnwenttothepostoffice.(2)Seeingthebeautifulsight,thechildrenfeltexcited.•总结:①②V-ingdoinghavingdone表动作有先有后表动作同时发生一般式完成式Exercise11).__thechildtobed,shebegantocorrectthestudents’homework.A.SendingB.BeingsentC.SentD.Havingsent2).Becarefulwhen/while________(cross)thestreet.3)._______________(听到这个消息),wegotexcited.crossingHearingthenewsDExercise2:1).她被蛇咬了三次后，她看见蛇后就害怕。____________________________________,2).正在进行的那个会议非常重要。____________________________________shefeelsfrightenedwhenseeingthesnake.HavingbeenbittenbythesnakeforthreetimesThemeetingbeingholdnowisimportant.①②V-ingdoinghavingdone一般式完成式beingdonehavingbeendone主动被动1)______________himtheanswerseveraltimes,Ididn’tknowwhetherhecouldunderstand.2)_________________theanswerseveraltimes,hestillcouldn’tsolvethequestion.HavingtoldHavingbeentoldExercise3:用havingbeentold\havingtold填空主动被动归纳主句主语为动作的发出者。主句主语为动作的承受者。句子的主语既不执行也不承受动词-ing形式表示的动作时，就得给动词-ing形式加上它自己的逻辑主语，通常用普通格名词或主格代词充当。此时“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”称为“独立结构”。如：Hermotherbeingill,shehadtoaskforleavetotakecareofher.由于母亲病了，她不得不请假照顾她。动词-ing形式作状语的独立结构动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not，如果它用了助动词构成完成式或被动式，就在助动词前面加not。如：Notknowinghistelephonenumber,Icouldn’tringhim.Nothavingbeeninformedofthemeeting,Ifailedtoattendit.动词-ing形式的否定式高考链接1．(2005全国I)Thestormleft,_______alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused2.(2004广东)_____theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedDC3.______carefully,thepatientleftthehospital.A.HavingexaminedB.BeingexaminedC.ExaminingDHavingbeenexamined4._____manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.HehadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.HavingtoldDB将每组中的两个句子组合成一个带有动词-ing形式的句子。(1)Alicesawavolcanoeruptinginthemorning.Shefeltexcitedandcouldn’tfallasleepatnight.Havingseenavolcanoeruptinginthemorning,Alicefeltexcitedandcouldn’tfallasleepatnight.(2)Iknewthesightisimpressiveonthetopofthemountain.Imadeanefforttoclimbontoit.Knowingthesightwasimpressiveonthetopofthemountain,Imadeanefforttoclimbontoit.(3)Thenewbookofthefamousnovelistwasveryboring.Itdidn’tbecomepopularamongyoungpeople.Beingveryboring,thenewbookofthefamousnovelistdidn’tbecomepopularamongyoungpeople.(4)JimknewhehadHIV.Hewasabsolutelyanxiousandfrightenedaboutit.KnowinghehadHI,Jimwasabsolutelyanxiousandfrightenedaboutit.(5)AfterIgotthenewsabouttheterribletyphoon,IcalledmyfathertoseeifeveryonewasOK.Havinggottenthenewsabouttheterribletyphoon,IcalledmyfathertoseeifeveryonewasOK.DiscoveringusefulstructuresThepowerofnature1.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.2.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemynotice.Examinethesentencesbelowandtellthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenthesetwosentences.Inthefirstsentence,thetwoactionsarehappeningatthesametime;whereasinthesecondsentence,experiencingquiteafewearthquakeshappenedbeforetookmynotice.1.Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,Ihelpotherscientists…2.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.3.Havingearliercollectedspecialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbefore…4.Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,Iamstill…Moresentencesinthereadingpassage.分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，分别等于被省略的状语从句或并列谓语结构。作状语在句首时，有时可以和when,unless,once,while,if,though等连词连用。现在分词作状语，与句子主语存在主动关系。Thev–ingformasanadverbial•v-ing作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。v-ing作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。Ifelttired.Iwenttobedearly.Ihadworkedhardallday.Iwenttobedearly.Feelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.•作时间状语Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,…)Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.•作原因状语Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.(=BecauseIwastired,…)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.•作条件状语Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Ifyouturntheleft,…)Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.=Workinghard,you'llsucceed.•作让步状语Workinghardashedid,hewasstillunabletosupportthewholefamily.KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomest