英美概况课件美国政党

ChapterTwelvePoliticalPartiesandElectionofUSDevelopmentofPartiesTheDemocraticPartyTheRepublicanPartyTheGeneralElectionContentsTheMajorPartiesTheDemocraticParty(late19thcentury)TheRulingPartyObamaThePresidentTheRepublicanParty(late19thcentury)TheOutPartyJohnMcCainLeaderoftheOppositionDevelopmentofthePartiestheFederalPartytheRepublicanParty1789AlexanderHamiltonThomasJeffersonSecretaryofStateSecretaryofTreasuryDemocraticinthemiddleofthe19thcenturytheRepublicanPartytheDemocratic-RepublicanPartytheDemocraticPartytheRepublicanPartyIn1854,anorthernallianceofpeopledeterminedtoabolishslaveryfoundedanewparty,whichtheycalled“Republican”.TheSymbolsoftheTwoPartiesacompetitionbetween“elephant”&“donkey”（象驴之争）TheDemocratsownersofbigplantationsinthesouthoftheStatesandtheownersofslavesintheCivilWarthegroupswhofeltthemselvestobeoutsidethedominantsystempartyoftheleftsince1933PoliticalPolicies“NewDeal”program(duringthepresidencyofRooseveltin1932):federalandstateinterventionintheeconomythebeginningsofgovernmentsocialservicesNationalHealthService(duringthePresidenciesofKennedy&Johnsonin1976)TheRepublicanPartyGrandOldParty，GOP(别称大老党)Afterwards,theyrepresentedthemainstreamofdevelopingnorthernindustry&freeprivateenterprise.Republicansbelievethatmanysocialprogramsaretoocostlytothetax-payersandthatwhentaxesareraisedtopayforprograms,everyoneishurt.Theyplacemoreemphasisonprivateenterprise.PoliticalPoliciesnottoomuchgovernmentinterventionintheeconomylittleenthusiasmfornewsocialprogramsmuchtalkabouttheresponsibilityoftheindividual,&aboutstate&localautonomyTheyaregenerallysupportedbybusinessinterests.GeneralElectionTime:everyfouryearsEligibilitytobecandidateProcessEligibilitycandidateHavingresidencefor14yearsAnativeinUS35oroveronthedateoftheelectionASpecialRuleofAmericanPoliticsHowevergreatthelocalvariations,onlyapersonwhoseemstobemoderatecanwinthePresidency.Iftheenthusiastsineitherpartycoalesce（联合）toproduceafar-leftorfar-rightcandidatehewilllosetheelection.ProcessesJanuary—June:ThePrimary(初选)July—August:TheNationalConventions（提名）September—November:TheElectionCampaign（竞选）November:TheElectionDay（全民投票)December:CastingtheElectoralVote（选举人投票）ThePrimary(初选)Time:fromFebruarytoJuneontheelectionyearAim:thedelegatesofeachpartytoattendtheNationalConventionTheNationalConventions（提名）Time:JulytoAugustAim:tochoosecandidatesforPresidentandVice-Presidentandtodeterminetheparties’platformTheElectionCampaign（竞选）Time:SeptembertoNovemberAim:thecompetitiveeffortofrivalcandidatestowinsupportofthevotersMeans:television,radio,newspapers,telephonecalls,door-to-doorvisits,publicspeeches,andsoonTheElectionDay（全民投票)Time:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstweekinNovemberAim:tochoosepresidentialelectorswithinthestatesbycommonpeopleNumbers:538(equaltothenumberofitsrepresentativeincongressplusitstwosenatorsplus3fromWashingtonDC)CastingtheElectoralVote（选举人投票）Time:thefirstMondayafterthesecondweekinDecembereveryelectionyearAim:tochoosethePresidentandVice-presidentamongthecandidatesbyelectorsineachstateFeaturesofElectioninUSIndirectelectoralSystem“winner-gets-allpolicy”(Thepartythatwinsmostvotesinastatewinsalltheelectoralvotesforthestate.)Themostcomplicatedandcostly(1000million)BarackHusseinObamaThe44thPresidentTheFifthAfricanAmericansenatorThefirstblackpresidentinAmericanhistoryHeattendedtheColumbiaUniversityandthenHarvardUniversity.Later,hebecamealawyerWithhisGrandmaandGrandpa1996-2004:hewaselectedSenatorofIllinoisObamaDuringtheElectionSymbolofAmericanDreamVisittoChinaObama’sVisittoShanghai1.Thenumberofthepresidentialelectorineachstateisequaltothenumberof____________.A.itssenatorsB.itsrepresentativesD.itscountiesC.itssenatorandrepresentatives2.theAmericanpresidentisactuallyelectedby_____________.A.theHouseB.theSenateD.AmericancitizenC.presidentialelectors